Effects Of The Mother Language On The Second Language

Trying to accommodate different students learning styles in an English learning classroom can be overwhelming. Having good teaching strategies can help English learning students learn more effectively. Using the best strategies will ensure all students in the classroom have an effective learning environment. There are many instructional strategies that teachers can use in the classroom.

English is a just a language not a measure of intelligence. This statement is easy to comprehend but hard to practice. A majority of people are tempted to believe that English is a measure of intelligence and, in particular, an individual's ability to exercise brain power. As a matter of fact, the best that English – as a language – can be used to measure is relevant grammatical knowledge and skill level but not intelligence. According to Ghirlanda et al. (2014), intelligence refers to an individual's ability to not only grasp concepts but also build ideas on them. Knowledge, on the other hand, refers to the facts, information, and skills acquired by an individual through information (Polanyi, 2015). This proves (beyond the reasonable

Essentially, the older models of teaching are becoming blatantly outdated and ineffective at really introducing students to the myriad of complexities within the subject as a whole. Previous generations had focused on more narrow models of teaching English that focus more on the outcome rather than the process. Many corporate models of public education focus more on standardized testing than actually getting the students engaged with the literature they are being exposed to. Essentially "teachers are forced into shifting their primary focus of attention from teaching literacy to teaching students how to handle tests," (Thompson 2009 p 5). This model has proven incredibly bland, and therefore ineffective in the changing educational environment. There were increasingly limited models of teaching based on the hegemony within the Anglophone world (Green & Cormack 2008). This attests to the idea that the name English restricts the learning processes that go on within this particular subject (Kress 2006).

According to Houmanfar, Hayes, and Herbst (2005), the first and second languages are interrelated and the history of the first language is a participatory factor in the acquisition of the second language (L2) and its maintenance. The Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis indicates that the structure and shape of the L1 of an individual are different from those the L2 that could create errors in speaking, reading and writing (Dulay et al., 1982). Similarities and differences between L1 and L2 acquisition will be outlined in terms of various theories.

Children acquire language since they were born. They communicate with their parents. Furthermore, children and parents interact with each other using a language that we often call the first language or mother tongue. At an early age, children are only learning one language that is the mother tongue. By age and speech development, children improve to acquire a second language from the school or the environment around them. In terms of speed of langgauge acquisition, children are factorized by both the child and the child’s learning environment. Therefore, it is important to understand how children acquire second language. This paper is provided

Learning of English and communication skills in high school and colleges has helped in developing positive attitude towards English and thus boost learning process. Students at all levels not only take the initiative to study the language, but also practice it often. Teachers inspire and guide learners to advance their level of proficiency in English. There are various perspectives which this goal is achieved. First, the student’s attitude is determined because it enables the assessment of the effectiveness of the method used for teaching students about the English language (The National Commission

Meaningful learning only take place when interaction exists between the teacher and the learner. “If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his language that goes to his heart” says Nelson Mandela. So mother tongue allows for proper social integration and helps to avoid maladjustment in schools. Therefore, in the maze of unfamiliar linguistic medium, the learner have at least the familiar mother tongue to hold on. For the same reason, mother tongue is the most effective medium to use in instructing learners if they are about to reach their potential. It has been proved that children learns well when they are highly skilled in the medium of

In, Mother Tongue, an essay written by Amy Tan it shows the reader what her opinion of the English language is and how it shaped her as a person. Whether it was how she deciphered her test questions in her youth or how it impacted her thought process about everything that goes on in her day-to-day life. In addition Amy explains several social and socioeconomic problems that she has faced throughout her life.

Language acquisition is the way in which humans perceive and understand a certain language, as well as producing and using words and sentences in order to communicate with one another. The way in which people learn another language is known as Second Language Acquisition, this refers to someone learning a language other than their mother tongue. A very important aspect within this process is cross-linguistic influence. Cross-linguistic influence is a term used to describe the various ways that certain language systems in the brain interact with and influence one and other. It explains how they can affect either the linguistic performance or the linguistic development of the learner, if not both. This most commonly refers to two separate languages, for example the effect that French has on a native speaker trying to learn another language such as Italian.

First and second language acquisition have been a topic of interest in linguistics for decades. Researchers have been approaching these topics from many points of view, angles, and models (Gass, 2013). Regarding second language acquisition, and especially English as a second language, the most researched topics include the effects of the Critical Period on second language learners, age of acquisition, age of onset, and individual differences (i.e. L1, motivation, aptitude) (Gass, 2013). Even though it is possible to find a wide variety of research on L2 acquisition, researchers are still debating on which elements affect learners more. Furthermore, while there is plenty of research on gender differences in the field of first language acquisition, there seems to be a lack of studies on said topic in regards to learning a second language. For said reason this research paper will focus on gender and first language influences on English as a second language acquisition, with the goal to comprehend whether one, both or neither of those factors contributes or hinders L2 acquisition and why. Furthermore, the current research paper is a follow up of Chiamenti (2016).

Many researchers have hypothesized that language could be acquired only within a critical period, which is from early infancy to puberty. If this is true, this should be extended to second language acquisition as well, and, if so, young children should be better at acquiring the second language than adults, and the individuals who started to learn the second language in their early childhood should reach higher levels of proficiency in the second language compare to those who started to learn the language in their adulthood. If this prediction is true, it would importantly demonstrate that children should be exposed to language with rich vocabulary and grammar within the critical period, and foreign language exposure at school should take place in early grades in order to maximize their opportunity to learn the language effectively. However, the self-motivation and the value of learning the language may differ depending on the individuals and those factors can limit or expand the exposure to the target language. In this paper, I would like to discuss the correlation between the age that bilingual individuals are exposed to the second language as well as their motivation, and the value of learning the second language. I would like to suggest that regardless of the age that individuals are exposed to the second language, if one values the importance of learning the target language and maximize their exposure to it, they can reach to the native level of

English lessons consist of four parts. Grammar, listening, speaking and writing are related and help each other. The teacher can teach with more activities. Teacher gives a goal for students. These are very important. Grammar is one of the important parts but the teacher shouldn’t give a rule. Students should find a rule in his/her own way. The teacher should be careful while s/he is teaching abstract issue.

Having in mind the topic of this article, Nihat (2008) explains the importance of acquiring communicative competences inside the classrooms as an important fact of English Language Teaching. He stated that more than grammatical rules and structures, students should know how to use their second language, in order to

The goal of the research paper is to investigate the degree to which age has an effect on Second Language (L2) speech learning, particularly child-adult differences in L2 phonology acquisition and cross-cultural language similarity.The article has been divided into two parts. In the first section, the article explores two models of teaching and learning, namely, the Critical Period (CP) and Interaction Hypothesis (IH). After assessing both models validities, the researchers adopt the Interactive Hypothesis method to test their hypothesis.

To teach English as a second language successfully, an ESL teacher needs to engage students in various kinds of activities to improve students’ reading and reading abilities, as well as offer more activities to practice their speaking and listening abilities. He/she needs to teach students skills, strategies, and other knowledge and consider other important issues that may affect their English language learning. Firstly, the teacher needs to design a curriculum that includes various kinds of knowledge based on students’ levels. For students who just started to learn English, the curriculum might focus on developing students’ abilities in decoding words and teach them how to spell words. For middle school students, I might offer more reading and writing activities and help them develop their vocabulary. Also, the teacher had better use various kinds of scaffolding strategies in the class to accommodate the needs of ELLs’. He/she can use visuals and realia to help students visualize complex concepts. And they can use graphic organizers to help students figure out the important ideas of the reading materials.