The first study to investigate the effects of IDA on HbA1C levels was by Horton[15], who demonstrated the mean HbA1C concentration for four patients with IDA as 4.9% compared with a mean HbA1C concentration of 5.3% among 14 healthy people.
Increasing evidence suggests a potential role of iron (Fe) in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Fe is a strong pro oxidant leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation resulting in elevated oxidative stress. In animal models, Fe excess might result in pancreatic oxidative stress and decrease insulin secretary capacity. Ferritin is a marker of Fe status in healthy individuals and an acute phase reactant as well; elevated levels of ferritin have been shown in diabetic patients[16]. This HbA1c enhancing effect of iron deficiency and fall in HbA1c levels after iron supplementation has been previously documented in several studies [17, 18].
Our results demonstrate that there is a relation between iron therapy and HbA1C in patients with type 2 DM. Our results are in accordance with the findings of Brooks et al. and Davis et al.’s study [19, 20]. They revealed a relationship between iron deficiency anemia and HbA1C levels and attempted to ex¬plain the alteration in HbA1C levels in iron deficiency anemia on the basis of both modifications to the structure of hemoglobin and levels of HbA1C in old and new red blood cells.
Koga et al.[21] in association study of erythrocyte indices with glycated hemoglobin in pre-menopausal women
As a provider, one will care for many patients that have different types of anemia. Anemia is not so much as a disease as a symptom of an underlying issue. Although there can be particular signs and symptoms associated with anemia, the basis of a diagnosis is from laboratory data. For the purpose of this discussion, I will evaluate a case study and give a differential diagnosis. I will also assess how patient history, physical exam, and lab reports support my diagnosis. I will explain the pathophysiology of the type of anemia and give causes and treatment options available.
Then anemia as previously meantioned kills red blood cells. Causing a veriaty of different trouble across the board with the body, along with substanial fatigue. This type of anemia is called low iron-anemia, which goes along with its cause. for this reason it is obvious to see why doctors and scientist believe that iron defiecency is one of the causes for lupus. Low iron enemia as well as chronic enemia wich is passed down through heretity is also suspected to be one of the reasons for lupus.
When the Civil War erupted at the attack on Fort Sumter in 1861, fighting was mainly driven by political tensions, all of which ultimately spawned from the question of slavery. During the Antebellum Period, the United States experienced a gradually intensifying sectional conflict that threatened the unity of the nation. Compromises between the North and South had become futile. Contrary to popular belief, the goals of Lincoln and the North did not involve the emancipation of slaves and restoration of equality and the opportunity of prosperity for all Americans. Most Northerners fought to preserve the newly split Union, while Southerners fought to protect what they believed to be inalienable states’ rights. Ultimately, precarious African American
Hemochromatosis, also called iron overload, is a disease when the body absorbs too much iron from the food we eat and most often affects the liver, heart, pancreas, and skin. It is usually caused by genes in the body that mutate keeping them from working. Some signs and symptoms of this disease are weakness, joint pain, low libido, and/or if the disease has progressed to far diabetes or heart failure. Hemochromatosis is one of the more difficult diseases to diagnose because many symptoms are nonspecific and usually many people don’t show as many symptoms except elevated iron levels in their blood. Most will be treated with blood transfusions until the normal level of iron is reached. If diagnosed early the prognosis is excellent with possible checkups or phlebotomies.
Also known as normocytic anemia. This is the most frequent type of anemia most often happening to males over 85 years old. It is a common problem that occurs to men and women over 85 years old. Symptoms include and are caused by: a reduced production of normal-sized red blood cells even though presence of hemoglobin in the red blood cells is within the standard range; an increased production of HbS as is seen in sickle cell diseases; greater destruction and loss of red blood cells; an increase in plasma volume that is not compensated by anything else; a B2 (riboflavin) deficiency; and a B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency. (Brill & Baumgardner 2000).
Iron deficiency anemia, one of the most common types of anemia, is a blood disorder where
According to the information of Nikoleta’s case, Cooley’s anemia has features that the beta proteins of hemoglobin do not function properly. This is caused my mutations in the beta chain of the hemoglobin molecule. The symptoms of Cooley’s anemia matches the symptoms of Nikoleta. The main reason why giving a high iron formula did the opposite is that the constant buildup of iron causes the symptoms to grow worse, and can even result in heart failure in the future. Cooley’s anemia decrease the red blood cell’s ability to deliver oxygen to certain tissues. The number of red blood cells are high, however, the number of hemoglobin is very
Iron Deficiency Anemia affects millions of individuals across the world. This disease strikes many more women than men and has harmful effects on all who suffer from this deficiency that causes oxygen-carrying capacity to decrease. The causes can vary amongst different groups, but the aggravating symptoms remain constant. Much of the research on Iron Deficiency Anemia concentrates on not only the treatment of this disease, but also the prevention of it. To attain a better understanding of how to treat this problem, one must clearly know what Iron Deficiency Anemia means, what causes this disease, the effects of it, and finally how to cure it.
In recent years, there has been a growing number of parents who refuse to get their children vaccinated. It appears this refusal to vaccinate stems from a fear over the safety of vaccines, and the effect that they will have on their child. This fear is perpetuated by opinion, false studies, and conspiracy, spread by bias media outlets as well as scientists who are incentivized to fabricate this misinformation. Unfortunately, this has led to pocketed outbreaks of diseases such as whooping cough and measles. These diseases were previously a thing of the past, that is, until recently. These outbreaks have led to the tragic, and untimely deaths of several children, and has put many other children at risk. Pediatrician, Matthew Daley, and epidemiologist,
Iron is an important nutrient because it helps carry oxygen in the hemoglobin in red blood cells around the human body. When a healthy iron supply is reached, the body immediately stops absorbing the nutrient, and just lets it past through the digestive system. However, people with hemochromatosis absorb all the iron from the food consumed, past healthy levels. All the extra iron spreads throughout the body, and unevitably causes great damage to major organs and almost all other parts of the body. According to Survival of the Sickest, "hemochromatosis can lead to liver failure, heart failure, diabetes, arthritis, infertility, psychiatric disorders,... cancer," and other diseases if left untreated (Maulem
Today it is now wide spread to about 400 million people, about 4% of the world population. It is mainly found in Africa, Asia, and the Mediterranean. It is affecting 1 in 10 African Americans in the United States. It is diagnosed through mainly drugs, such as Aspirin. It is treated through terminated drug use, transfusion, and medicine if infection follows. The disease had helped understand the cause of hemolytic anemia in people, and the cause of anemia in the first place. If the gene were suppressed, it can stop one from getting
Conflict can take on many forms in one’s life, such as conflict with self, with society, with religion and with others. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, develops the theme of conflict through the moral sin of Hester Prynne. Conflict is observed through Hester’s difficulties with the townspeople, challenges with the Puritan way of life, struggles with herself and tensions with Roger Chillingworth. Committing sin in the Puritan society leads to a great deal of conflicts.
Obesity is a rising epidemic throughout the United States of America. In many cases, people that are obese tend to develop type 2 diabetes, because the pressure of being obese affects the body’s ability to properly use insulin and control blood sugar levels. In many studies, a hypocaloric, or reduced-calorie, diet is suggested as the main solution to the obesity problem. However, throughout these studies there have been contradictions about the impact of dietary iron on obesity-induced insulin resistance. The objective of this study was to determine if mice liver samples with lower iron levels have an increased sensitivity to insulin resistance. Six liver samples with different iron and fat levels were used from mice with 8 week dietary
In a 12 week study of diabetic type II patients (n=161) their where no changes in the level of HbA1C (www.rxlist.com).
Iron is one of the important minerals that is required for our bodies to function properly. Most of the iron in our body is found in the blood such as haemoglobin, approximately 60 -70% of the human body’s iron is found in the haemoglobin, a protein in the blood that transports oxygen. Iron is also present in muscle tissue and some enzymes. There are two types of iron in the body which are “Heme Iron” from animal products and “Non-Heme Iron” vegetables and