Effects of Industrialization and the Conditions of the Working Class in England

During the Industrial Revolution the urban population saw a major increase, mainly because of people needing a job in order to support the family and pay for basic necessities. As people began to move into small towns, these towns turned into large cities that mass produce goods like iron and coal. One of the largest growing cities

From around 1750 to 1900 Britain went through major changes or transformation in industry, agriculture and transportation that affected everybody’s lives. For some it generally improved their lives, however not all were so lucky. The industrial revolution brought with it many changes good for some and bad for others.

The Industrial Revolution had many long-lasting effects on the English economy and society in the 1800s; the effects being both positive and negative. England’s industrialization resulted in urbanization, improved production, and better transportation, but also in poor living and working conditions for the working class, including many children. Industrialization in England made production of goods much more convenient, creating a greater demand for unskilled labor and a rapidly growing population. The population increase meant that more food was needed in order to feed everyone. In Document 5, Michael Mandelbaum explains that some rural labor was made “redundant,” causing many people to move to urban cities where they could find work in the new factories.

The issues tied with the expansion of Manchester included health concerns, working conditions, and living conditions which was met with positive and negative reactions. Health conditions during the Industrial Revolutions were of second importance to many. Cities were hotspots for disease. Cities were quite filthy and not well ventilated and many animal and plant matter decomposed and created an almost suffocating atmosphere (Doc. 6). Due to the poor sanitation of cities many people who lived in urban centers fell ill and died due to disease.

In the 1800’s in England, things were changing due to the Industrial Revolution. Before the Industrial Revolution, everyone was making everything in their homes. Everyone had to make and grow their own food and necessities with their own labor so it was slow. During the Industrial Revolution, new machines were being created. This increased the speed at which farming was done. Factories were also being built. The factories and new machines helped with mass production. People also lost jobs on the farms which meant many people were moving to the cities, which caused the cities to grow and become overpopulated. One reason why the Industrial Revolution was a negative occurrence in the world was the living conditions. The cities were overpopulated becoming polluted very easily. Another reason why the Industrial Revolution was a negative occurrence was the working conditions the workers had. The last negative occurrence was the people's health especially the people who worked in the factories. The Industrial

During the 19th century, Europe underwent political and economic change resulting in a shift from craft production to factory work. This was a time known as the Industrial Revolution, in which class division and wage labor were the most foregrounded aspects of society (Poynton). Karl Marx’s theories during this time gave way to new perspectives and different ways of viewing oneself in class positions. Comparisons between social and political structures in the 19th century and the 21st century expose the similarities that have yet to be modified. Marxist theory proved to offer a framework for society to undergo evolutionary change that would put an end to the capitalist mode of production that developed during the Industrial Revolution in Europe (Connelley). Marxism greatly outlines the struggle between different classes and groups belonging to the political world and how this class struggle affects the means of production. Broadly speaking, capitalism is a structure of political inequality and once overcome will lead to communism, inevitably weakening the boundary between classes. Although beneficial for the workers who want to live as free men, the upper class will be placed on that same wavelength. The greater political structure will form into a realm that will abolish the exploitation and oppression of workers, thus placing power in the hands of those who do not benefit from the unequal distribution of wealth. It involves a combination of political and economic factors

When Marxism appeared in the world, they turned out to be nothing more than the same old command economies. During the industrial revolution property rights were not secure, it was to the point where it was no longer productive. There were many high labor cost when it came to running a farm and it affected the french farmers more than it did the British farmers. The french farms were far less productive which led to less food for their soldiers and the less food they had it was harder to find more food to provide and nourish the soldiers. Coal started to be used as a cheaper sources of energy. Britain had much more access to coal that almost all of the other European areas, due to the abundance that they had access to this was the main source of energy for the British. Bourgeoisie was on the rise in Britain, but this was also accompanied by the educational revolution. This schools were funded by the government and private investor. The schools were located approximately every 12 miles. These free schools were schools that taught not only reading but also grammar, writing, arithmetic, and bookkeeping. There were higher up schools that were called “grammar schools” that prepared you to attend universities. Far before the industrial revolution, Britain was the most educated population in the world. This is thought to be one of the main reasons the Industrial Revolution was

The Communist Manifesto left a tremendous impact on a society that was rapidly becoming industrialized, and its effects can even be seen on the dominating economic system of the twenty-first century. In the later nineteenth century, however, industrial capitalism was on the brink of ruin. “On many occasions during the past century, Marxists have thought that capitalism was down for the count . . . Yet it has always come back with renewed strength.” Industrial capitalism succeeded in the face of communism, despite numerous economic disasters. As the capitalist economists hopefully noted at the time, these economic earthquakes, temporary in character, soon cured themselves and left capitalism unscathed. Karl Marx sought to create

The Industrial Revolution (1750-1850) had brought about significant changes in agriculture, mining, manufacturing, transportation and technology and subsequently established an era of unprecedented economic growth in capitalist economies. It was within this era that Karl Marx had observed the deprivation and inequality experienced by men of the proletariat, the working class, who had laboured excessively for hours under inhumane conditions to earn a minimum wage while the bourgeoisie, the capitalist class, reaped the benefits. For Marx it was this fundamental inequality within the social and economic hierarchy that had enabled capitalist societies to function. While Marx’s theories, in many instances have been falsified and predictions

Karl Marx believed societies evolved through different stages: feudalism, capitalism, and socialism. He suspected social change to be strongly linked with the economy; class struggle caused by 19th century capitalism. With the decline of the aristocracy and the industrial revolution Marx believed more opportunities would be available for the poor, but that was not the case, instead the aristocracy were "replaced ' ' by capitalists. The wealthy

Thus, as Marx predicted revolution occurred, but no in the sense of true revolution. Instead, the concept of ‘union’ was implemented. Unions were created all over the industrialized, this ‘gave power back to the people’ as they now had say into their working conditions. Now the working class were unified through various unions, and could demand fairer compensation for their time.

Karl Marx wrote the Communist Manifesto in order to give a voice to the struggling classes in Europe. In the document he expressed the frustrations of the lower class. As Marx began his document with "the history of all hitherto societies has been the history of class struggles" he gave power to the lower classes and sparked a destruction of their opressors.1 He argued that during the nineteenth century Europe was divided into two main classes: the wealthy upper class, the bourgeoisie, and the lower working class, the proletariat. After years of suffering oppression the proletariats decided to use their autonomy and make a choice to gain power. During the

The industrial revolution was a sweeping phenomenon that was regarded as inevitable, with people having divergent views on its ramifications. Given that capitalism was an integral aspect of the industrial revolution, Marx and Engels held hard stances against it, but on a broader perspective, they also found themselves interrogating the benefits that could be accrued from industrialization. Hence, despite Engel and Marx viewing industrialization as negative, they also saw a positive in it regarding industrialization finally paving the way for the communist revolution based on The Communist Manifesto. However, one of the positive they saw through industrialization was the hope the workers would discover their class struggle and they would realize that nations and states were a bourgeois constructed to keep the workers oppressed. Subsequently, they hoped when the workers would achieve a cohesiveness among classes while uniting thus leading the governments to cease, and humans would not use exploitation amongst each other.

For countless years now, a debate over the effects of industrialization on the standard of living of the laboring population of Britain has been fought between the optimist and the pessimist. The optimists would claim that the living standards only improved during the industrial revolution, while the pessimists would say that welfare, plus the standard of living declined during the time period. The optimist argument gives the best description of the condition of the laboring population in England between 1780 and 1850 because of its many positive long and short term effects. This point of view highlights that not only did new machines improve the quality of life for the working man, but also that industrialization created more jobs and increased real wages while making it possible to support a growing population.

Large amounts of sulphur dioxides and nitrogen oxides were released into the atmosphere via the burning of coal. This brought about serious effects of acid rain during that time. There was an increased in pneumonic diseases. Rivers and canals were very much polluted too as waste and sewage was not properly treated and directly channelled into streams and rivers. The quality of health of the people living at those times were jeopardise. In addition to that, the working conditions were very dirty, wages of workers were very low and many children and women were forced to work for long hours. The poor hygiene led to outbreak of many diseases. Cholera was a major outbreak during the Industrial Revolution. Britain was hit by repeated outbreaks of Cholera and typhoid through polluted water source. Apart from that, tuberculosis was also one of the major killer in industrialized cities. Many forest and agricultural lands were cleared in order for industrial progress to take over. Men has directly and indirectly neglected the conservation of the environment. There were fewer and fewer greenery left. The western countries at that time were very much focused on industrialization till they left out the necessity of conserving while progressing. Progression was not in par with conservation. (“Environmental Impact of the Industrial Revolution Urbanization 1. New districts of identical rows of houses built quickly and cheaply to house factory and foundry workers in rapidly