“Effects of nutrition choices and lifestyle changes on the well-being of cats, a Carnivore that has moved indoors”
Debra L. Zoran and C.A. Tony Buffington
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, Vol. 239, No. 5,
September 1, 2011
Genevieve Ball
Animal Nutrition 505, Dr. Shapiro
October 13, 2011
Main Summary
The domestication of cats can be perilous as their nutritional changes in dietary protein and caloric intake effects their metabolism, muscle mass, water intake, urine acidity levels, and immunity against diseases, all of which effect their overall feeding behavior, well-being, and physical health. 70% protein intake is considered adequate in a cat’s daily diet, however studies show that a more accurate
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597). However, when studying the effect of protein intake on an obese cat, it was discovered that increased protein intakes of greater than 3.3g of protein/kg resulted in greater loss in fat mass versus decreased protein intakes (Zoran, 2011, p. 598). Other studies prove that a protein dominant (verus carbohydrate dominant) diet is a necessity with benefits for felines as it promotes optimum immunity against the development of urolithiasis in the urinary tract, inflammatory bowel disease in the gastrointestinal tract, and diabetes mellitus in domestic cats. While the feline species have changed from a feral to domesticated environment, it is important that their diets remain properly balanced and protein dominant in order for cats to efficiently function and thrive.
Blended Summary
The domesticated feline, an obligate carnivore, continues to be challenged by the genetically required diet versus owner (human) preferred diet. While cats require a diet that is higher in proteins and lower in carbohydrates, owners are feeding diets that are adversely low in protein and high in carbohydrates, thus resulting in excess calories and obesity and nutritional deficiencies (“Cats Need High Protein, Low-Carb Diet,” 2011, p. 22). Cats are adapted to eating 10-20 small meals throughout the course of a 24 hour period, and flavor, scent, temperature, and texture are all factors that
These diets are formulated with aim of either increasing or decreasing the pH of the cat’s urine. The problem with these diets however is that they are not formulated to be used long term. These foods also tend to be low protein foods, which in the long run can be detrimental to cats who are predominately carnivores. Cats naturally require a diet high in protein and that has a proper balance of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. The protein source in cat foods is especially important. Plant protein sources are less digestible and can cause a more alkaline urine. The balance of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium is also important because too much phosphorus can impact the absorption of calcium and magnesium. When too much phosphorus is present not enough calcium and magnesium is absorbed, but is instead excreted from the body through the urine. As calcium and magnesium begin to build up in the urinary tract and create crystals this gives the false impression that there is too much calcium and magnesium in the body. To prevent the buildup of calcium and magnesium in the urinary tract a diet should be formulated with the correct ratio of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium, the correct type of protein sources, and encourage appropriate water
40 grams of protein x 4 kcal per gram = 160 kcals divided by 1200 kcals per day = 13.3%.
more than just your daily intake of proteins, carbohydrates, and fiber. Fukuoka states “Western dietetics, with its elaborate theories and calculations, could leave no doubt about proper diet. The fact is, it creates far more problems than it resolves” (72) this shows that todays modern diet that is perceived as perfect but it is for from it.
Statistical analysis for the animal studies. Our selection of 10 animals per time point is based on the group variance observed in our preliminary studies employing diet models. For example, an n = 10 provides 95% power (alpha of 0.05) to detect differences in ALT values of at least 30 U/L between two means with a standard deviation of 10 (two-tailed t-test). For endpoints such as ALT values, caspase positive cells, etc., in different animal populations, parametric analysis will be performed. ANOVA will be employed given the presence of multiple groups, and a Bonferroni test will be used to correct for multiple comparisons. If the distribution of values is unsuitable for a parametric analysis, we will perform a Kruskal-Wallis test for nonparametric data. If the data show a strong trend towards significance (e.g., p < 0.1) with reproducible data except for a rare outlier, we can consider increasing the number of animals per group. The number added will be calculated using the mean and standard deviation (SD) from the existing data
Humans have a less varied diet than primates, and the effect of domestication on our foods is evident. Domesticated fruits have a different sugar content than wild fruits. They are sweeter, containing mostly sucrose and fructose, while wild fruits contain mainly glucose. (Milton 1993) Wild fruits contain more seeds, are more fibrous, have higher amounts of micronutrients and have more protein than their domesticated counterparts. Wild fruits have a richer mineral content than domesticated fruits, having higher contents of calcium, potassium, phosphorus and iron. (Milton 1999) Primate diets in the wild well exceed the daily set recommendations of nutrients and minerals for humans, while some humans subsisting on domesticated and processed products do no receive adequate nutrition. One vitamin of particular interest is vitamin C. Humans and non-human primates, unlike most other mammals, cannot synthesize this compound. It is hypothesized that this is because their herbivorous diet provides high amounts of the nutrient, and is is indeed the case, particularly for primates subsisting on a wild diet. (Web 2002) Another area of consideration is fat content in the diet. Primates consume less fat than the modern Westerner. The content of fat that primates consume is also fairly balanced between saturated and unsaturated fats. In the modern Western diet, most fats consumed are saturated animal fats and seed oils. Although we consume most of our protein from animal sources, primates are able to maintain adequate protein intake from their mostly herbivorous diet. (Milton
This paper is intended to explain my nutritional endeavor for the past three days. I will be providing different aspects of my nutritional needs and an in depth analysis on how proteins fats carbohydrates and fiber take part in an everyday diet and what are these functions. This is intended to broaden my views of a healthy lifestyle, and how to achieve it through a variety of food groups. In this essay the resources utilized where provided by the educational institute with the purpose of facilitating my research objectives.
The catabolic diet is based on the concept that a person can eat “catabolic” foods that actually have a negative calorie effect.
Scientists strive for objectivity, a value that requires some elimination of variation in seeking to find the one truth. These basic foundational rules of science limit what can and cannot be recommended by the disciplines that science informs. Dietitians are also bound to the same rules of scientific understanding by the principal of evidence-based practice, and can only provide clients with what the science says at this time. Unfortunately, it is impossible to reconcile the understandings science currently has regarding the human body with optimal dietary recommendations.
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Protein helps you lose coefficient in two ways: First, it crapper support you feel inferior hungry by providing a long-burning source of steady energy, and secondly it crapper trigger \"thermogenesis\" in the body, the process through which your embody burns fat for fuel.
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Research your topic using 2 nutrition articles that discuss your topic, but provide opposing viewpoints. Use the Internet, the University Library, or the search links provided in the Week 2 Electronic Reserve Readings to locate the articles.
The results in the table are inconsistent with some results displaying an average daily weight of over 200kg and other results displaying an average daily weight of less than 70kg. As the results display showed minimal consistency throughout the duration of the investigation it is hard to determine whether an overall weight gain was achieved throughout the herd.
Generations of domestic dogs have now evolved while eating exceptionally high carbohydrate diets. Until recently, the idea that this may have produced animals that are more susceptible to nutritional hyper-sensitivities has either been ignored or sometimes disclaimed by animal nutritionists. However, attitudes are changing, mainly due to pioneering clinical work and a commercial awakening to the growing market for specialized
We are required to obtain certain amount of nutrients from food. Food can simply divide into 2 groups, macro-nutrients and micro-nutrients composition. Both of the groups mentioned do affect the metabolism rate. According to Hulbert and Else, dietary fatty acid will affect the metabolism rate and some of the polyunsaturated fatty acid will increase the metabolism rate (1999). Meanwhile, different kinds of animals have their own unique requirement for macro-nutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates and fat. Moreover, most of the food intake is driven by achieving the required protein intake. Animals on a low protein diet will over eat carbohydrates and fat until the protein requirement has been satisfied. If this case