Effects of Sexual Victimization on Society

People’s perspective of the stigma of sexual abuse survivors differs and to avoid a bias, social desirability plays an important role. Similarly, sexual abuse is a broad topic that should be discussed without discrimination and the definition of sexual abuse varies around the continent. Moreover, children, adolescence, adult, both male and female from different culture and background are susceptible to sexual abuse. On the other hand, there is a high prevalence rate of child sexual abuse worldwide and ways to reduce this high prevalence is not discussed or looked into, this is disappointing (Barth, Bermetz, Heim, Trelle, & Tonia, 2012). In addition, girls are more likely than boys to experience frequent rate of sexual abuse. Finkelhor (1990) mentions the reason why the reason, why boys are not seen as victims of sexual abuse. Firstly, boys that disclosure sexual abuse may be seen as homosexual, which can have a terrifying impact even through their adulthood. Second, most of the boys who were sexual abuse, their abuser may not have been their family or close relatives, which could lead to higher stigma on boys in the society than girls (Finkelhor, 1990). Therefore, the stigma and fear that boys face in the society leads to the boys denying their symptoms to either their teachers or parents. Thus, if the clinician observes sexual abuse boys, they will notice that both boys and girls display the same symptoms. Nevertheless, there are differences and similarities of sexual abuse

Sexual assault is something that can affect people emotionally, physically, psychosocially, psychologically, and even spiritually. As often as it occurs in society, the effects that sexual assault can have on an individual are all relatively similar. Sexual assault is any sort of sexually-based action in which one or more participants have not given consent. Often times, people refer to sexual assault as simply rape, however there are other dimensions to sexual assault which can include unwanted kissing, groping, or touching of any form. Emotionally, victims are conflicted about whether it is their own fault or if it the fault of the attacker. In many instances, the victim will blame themselves for what has happened to them. Physically, there is nearly always damage in the affected areas (vagina, anus, penis, breasts, etcetera) that can lead to painful tissue damage. There is also the risk of pregnancy or STD’s that the victim must be aware of. Psychosocially, the victim becomes distant with everyone they were once close to. Their level of trust declines dramatically, causing relationships with spouses, family, and close friends to crumble. Since the victims tend to push their loved ones away, often without giving any sort of reason, they can sometimes face isolation and a lack of support from those whom would usually offer council. The psychological effects are tremendous as well. Victims of sexual assault will often have severe anxiety, post-traumatic stress

Victims of sexual assault suffer from a wide variety of mental and emotional issues throughout their lives as a result of the experience. Results can range from depression, anger, feelings of loneliness, and difficulty when trying to formulate relationships of trust (Hyde 45). Victims experience a wide variety of psychological issues as a result of sexual crimes, which they will have to carry with them throughout their entire lives. Also, “Psychological problems can start later in life with changes in behavior- vague fears, feeling unprotected and helpless, nightmares, bedwetting, sleeping problems, fear to loss parents approval/love, need to please others, poor self esteem, anger, depression, withdrawal from activities, daydreaming, difficulty concentrating, behavior problems” (Hyde 47).

Within society, there is an engrained belief of what makes a person a legitimate victim and often their status as a ‘victim’ is questioned. This is especially true if the victim does not fit the typical stereotype of who is considered to be a legitimate victim. This is most widely illustrated in cases involving male victims of sexual assault.

Unfortunately, rape of female migrant farmworkers in the fields is a tragic phenomenon that is far too prevalent. These women are treated as sexual objects at the hands of their supervisors and coworkers, and are subsequently sexually harassed, abused, and raped. While sex plays a role in these crimes, the primary motivator behind sexual abuse in the fields is the power of the perpetrators coming into play with the powerlessness and vulnerability of the women workers.

This literature review provides a brief overview of six scholarly articles and other facts about sexual assault .This review will first define sexual assault as it is defined in these articles. It will analyze the strengths and limitations of the definition used and will discuss the occurrence of sexual assault in the general population.This review will also illustrate the protective factors, barriers to recovery , impact of development and the specific sexual assault population that are absent in these articles. Sexual assault is a societal issue that impacts men and women at every age in their life, it’s much more highly reported among college aged women. The majority of women who are victims of rape are

The term rape is defined as an ‘unlawful sexual intercourse by force, and without legal or factual consent’ by Gennaro Vito, Jeffrey Maahs and Ronald Holmes (2006) in ‘Criminology: Theory, Research and Policy’ (Vito, Maahs, and Holmes, 2006: p. 280). Rape can be in the form of the penis penetrating the vagina, oral, anal and an assault using a foreign object. However, there have been many controversies of what is rape and the use of force that is required. Several researchers, practitioners, legal jurisdiction, as well as, a few rape statutes involving coercive rape rely on the use of force as part of evidence in their definition (Vito, Maahs, and Holmes, 2006: p. 280). Rape can occur both in men and women, however, most accounts of rape indicate that majority of men are perpetrators and women are the victims. This essay will discuss the gender differences of rape victims and the connection of feminist criminology and labelling theory, and stigmatisation; as followed with case studies that are relevant with both theories.

Sexual assault is a dangerous behavior that is widely spread in our societies all around the world. Some studies show that this kind of problem is due to several accidents that have occurred in a person’s childhood or adulthood. It has negative effects on a victim’s life. The paper offers insights about this topic with several references and quotes from many experts. However, the term sexual harassment is defined and explained thoroughly. The causes of this serious problem are presented and then the several harmful effects are mentioned and explained. A few approaches can be followed in order to prevent this offense from happening again, hoping to save the lives of many people.

This study is a descriptive study because the research provided was used to describe the characteristics of the student minority sexual victimization population of the study. The study did not answer any questions such as how? When? or why? But described only the occurrence and provided only descriptive information. The research question of this study is the following: Are student minorities more susceptible to sexual victimization, physical dating violence and unwanted perspiring? This research study is a cross sectional study because the study was done within 6 months within Universities in Europe, longitudinal would not work for this study because they are only researching university students between ages 18-22 years of

The topic of this article will focus on psychological aspects of sexually abused women and the trauma recovery and empowerment. Sexual abuse can be well defined as sexual assaults and sexual exploitation of the individual, which include the following: Rape, Incest, Molestation and Voyeurism. An assortment of 15 empirical studies will compare and contrast their findings of psychological sexual abuse and trauma recovery. Individuals that are victims of sexual abuse can undergo many issues for the victim to inflict upon. Despite the fact that sexual abuse does mark males, women are at a higher rate to be sexually abused. In fact, one out of three females is a victim of sexual abuse (SA) or sexual violence (SV). 13% of women and 6% of men have reported they experienced sexual cohesion in their lifetime (Sexual Violence, 2014). Sexual abuse not merely leaves a victim with lengthily problems but also a lifetime of psychological difficulties when treatment is not sought after.

The Violence against Women Act (VAWA) of 1994 marked a turning point in our national response to the problems of both sexual assault and domestic violence. For the first time it considered the ways in which sexual assault and domestic violence were similar: they are both crimes of violence against women, rooted in historical and cultural traditions and attitudes. VAWA also addressed the ways our laws failed to prosecute and punish perpetrators of these crimes of violence, while often increasing the trauma experienced by victims. The act included measures designed to protect crime victims' rights and provide crime victims with compensation, establish hotlines for sexual assault and family violence victims, establish sex offender registration and community notification, protect women from "date rape," and coordinate law enforcement and social services to deal with crime in a unified manner.

Researchers have come up with various explanations trying to explain the sexual abuse cases in the globe. Some of these explanations form a basis on psychological perspectives, biological perspectives, and criminal perspectives. Despite these differences, rape cases are considered a violation of an individual right and the traumatizing effects are reported to be similar. The paper will focus mainly on the criminological approach to rape cases (Grooth & Jean, 1979). Various criminologists’ literature will be reviewed in association to rape as an offense against the law.

Times have changed and we as humans can not be as trusting as in the past. Most of us are caring and compassionate and instinctively want to trust one another. But, the fact is there are more criminals around us each day and no positive or beneficial way to know who they are till they commit to assault. For far too many years the abuse of women and young teens has been a continuous crime in the world’s society. Here are some helpful and important tactics and preventions to warn and protect citizens from the dangers of harmful predators. Self-defense and self-protection are an important priority for women. The most common crime to happen to a woman is rape, but it is more about a feeling of dominance. According to statistics, the majority of rapes are perpetrated by men who women know. Assault on women is also a common crime because assailants assume women will be more passive and not fight back. The best way for women to fight back against crime is to prevent it from happening by avoiding being alone or being in dangerous areas. However, getting into such situations is sometimes inevitable. The majority of rapes occur in the victim’s home. According to the Bureau of Justice, almost forty percent of all rapes take place in the female victim’s home. The chance for survival is to fight back. Fighting back is not just necessary, but it is a moral right because protecting one’s self is paramount. Self-defense is essential because statistics say that all women are good candidates

Sexual violence against women is not a new phenomenon; it is as old as history. Sexual violence entails any unintentional sexual act in which the victim is coerced, threatened, or compelled to engage against their will (Taylor & Quayle, 2003). This is a matter that has historically attracted a great deal of attention from scholars and authorities owing to its growing prevalence and disastrous consequences to the victim, including physical, sexual, and psychological harm. The attention has even been greater in recent times since the phenomenon has taken a new form. With advancements in information and communication technologies (ICTs), new ways of perpetrating sexual violence against women have emerged (Eneman, Gillespie & Bernd, 2010).

The notion of sexual violence towards women is a normalize dynamic with treatment that is based on women reporting the act and the criminal justice system doing its part however, this completely erases the idea of sexual violence victims having further trauma with the invasive investigating proceedings. Sexual violence is seen as an individualized crime, with the survivor’s body being the main evidence in the crime at hand thus the criminal justice system positions the bodies as if they are materials. This neglecting of the survivors, and placing importance on the violated body makes it hard for women to report these acts committed against them. The act of sexual violence can be a traumatic event and the examination of the body can further increase the survivor’s feelings of being isolated and loathed. In England and Wales, there is a considerable need for an effective policy to ensure alternative prevention methods for the safety of the violated bodies in the criminal justice system. The prevention of sexual violence against women will not only make it easier for the police to investigate, but women will not be going through a “second rape” with officers and professionals in the criminal justice system. Also by having reforms of criminal justice proceedings will be a necessary step in providing survivors with the reassurance that the