Effects of User’s Perceived Security on their Usage of Online Banking and e-Payment Facilities

The threats and opportunities in the e-banking line are increased due to the introduction of internet. The threat of e-banks and the point of equality concept are very highly used by the current competitors. There are rivals such as CIMB clicks, Hong Leong online banking and many more which cause Maybank2u.com unable to monopolize the market. As a consequence, the customers can exchange brands easily. Moreover, the customer of Maybank are likely to concern with the safety matter of online banking. They prefers to do transaction in the classic ways more than online banking due to their lacking of confidence toward security and safety matter of online banking. They are scared of hacker that might intercept their information. But other than that, the bank may significantly affected by the present macroeconomic situation across the global and adjustment in economic policies in South East Asian countries. This happened because Maybank’s goal is to widen Islamic business in markets such as Singapore and Indonesia as part of their target on the ASEAN

In this paper, I will identify security threats that Bank of America faces today. In addition, I will describe the techniques and processes used to identify the vulnerabilities and threats, describe risks to the information and related vulnerabilities within Bank of America when utilizing components of the web. Discussions on BoA safeguard against legal issues will be addressed followed by the types of social data that potentially cause problems for this bank institute. In conclusion, I will explain the legal, ethical, and regulatory requirements Bank of America utilize for the protection of the organization.

Therefore, it is essential to address issues like security of the banking transactions that are executed from a distant place and transmitted over the air. Besides this, it is also important to ensure the security of financial transactions, if the device is stolen by hackers. If these concerns are properly addressed, then it would help increase the popularity of mobile banking by instilling a sense of trust among the customers.

These hackers threaten our security and confidentiality every day by getting unauthorized access and stealing our most valuable or sensitive information. Privacy and security concerns are not unique to the bank industry; they are spread to personal information such as health or employment, and other e-commerce transactions. The protection of this information has to be ensured by the company or bank in order for customers to continue the relationship with such.

Internet banking has made bank transaction easy and convenient in the sense that people can do the transactions from anywhere they, desire to i.e in the home, offices, and schools. It has helped to avoid unnecessary trips to the bank.

The use, acceptance, adoption and application of internet technology to businesses to boast their performances are not something new. Saffu et al., (2008), states that there has been a significant increase in the use and application of e-commerce in businesses in the past decade. E-commerce has benefits such as reduction in costs, increased business opportunities, reduced lead time and providing more personalized service to the customers (Turban et al., 2008). Internet banking or e-banking is one of the many tools of e-commerce adopted by the banking industry. Tools of information technology such as internet banking have significantly improved the quality of services offered by the banking

The remaining questions were developed keeping in mind the qualitative aspects of the research. Questions 4 & 11, address exploration of types and categories of online fraud risks including where it is committed. The majority of the remaining questions 5, 6, 7, 8 as well as 11 were developed to elicit information on processes and practices used by banks to detect, prevent and respond to acts of fraud in online banking transactions resulting in unauthorised payments. The identification of whether Anti-Money Laundering processes are separate from general fraud risk management processes is covered in question 9. Question 10 addresses how the correlation of advancement in fraud risk management technology has impacted the increase or reduction in referral rates for unauthorised payments. The banks’ operate in a very competitive environment and whereas safety and security in online banking is a major area of concern to the customers they also want convenience and speed from their banks in conducting these transactions. Question 12 & 13 were developed to address the overall satisfaction of the customer in this area.

Having done an exclusive audit on Bank Solutions’ operations and process protocols, several security loopholes were realized and inevitably are great threat-posing factors to the institution. Responsively, new technology and security measure have to be implemented in order to fill the gaps and heighten security standards in order to enhance customer privacy, information protection, the institution’s credibility and generally adherence to the standard security policies and controls.

The second section reviews studies which have examined the importance of perceived ease of use in explaining customers ' acceptance on online banking. Perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are the original constructs proposed by Davis (1989) in his model TAM. This model is used as a point of reference to study the factors influencing Internet banking acceptance in Kota Kinabalu, Northern Borneo, Malaysia. Two original constructs of TAM, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, as noted earlier will be employed. The third section explains about the importance of perceived credibility - security and privacy in assessing the customers ' plan to use online banking in the future. The fourth section reviews the importance of perceived enjoyment that may affect the customers ' acceptance on online banking. Finally, the last section pertains to social norm as investigated previously by Nysveen et al. (2005); and Venkatesh and Morris (2000). Their studies suggest the importance of social norm in explaining its effect for the technology adoption.

ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………….. iii OZ ………………………………………………………………………………….. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ………………………………………………………....vi LIST OF TABLE ………………………………………………………………..…...x LIST OF FIGURES ………………………………………...…………………..…...xi 1 AN INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET BANKING…………………………..….1 1.1 Background of the Study ………………………………………………..…...1 1.2 Definition of internet banking …………………………………………...…...2 1.3 The Aim of the Study ……………………………………………………..…5 1.4 The Scope of the Study …………………………………………………..…..5 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ………………………….…………………………..…..7 3 INTERNET

The percentage of people who don 't trust the Internet with the security of their financial information dropped to 8 percent in 2006 from 20 percent in 2004. Meanwhile, the number of those who believe that paying bills online is safer than using paper checks increased during the same period, to 37 percent in 2006 from 24 percent two years earlier (Consumers less concerned, 2006). Compared to traditional payment methods such as check payments, phone payments, or wire transfer payments, online payments are considered better in terms of time and cost efficiency, convenience, and flexibility for people and businesses. The underlying questions that we seek to answer in this research paper is what factors determine how well online clients will accept online payments, measures should be taken by e-vendors to accelerate the acceptance of this technology, and what advantages does this form of payment have over mail payments. Further, it will also be important to consider the negatives of online payments and see whether there are any threats that may affect the credibility of e-payments as alternatives to paying bills by mail.

In the mid-1990s came Internet banking which enabled consumers to access their financial accounts using a home computer with an Internet connection. Despite its promise of ultimate convenience, online banking saw slow and tentative growth as banks worked out technology issues and built consumer trust. Today, Internet banking has reached a critical mass, with about 35 percent of U.S. households conducting bank transactions online.

Internet banking is the act of conducting financial intermediation on the internet. It includes offering of information and selected services through the World Wide Web by banks and other financial service firm. For those who are quite new to the concept of online banking, this type of service offered by banks actually works the same way as traditional banking. The major difference lies in the convenience offered by online banking particularly when it comes to making payments, obtaining updated information of the account, or merging account statements. Rather than personally visiting the local bank, customer can now access their account and perform bank transactions using the computer. At the comfort and

The present paper is concerned with the various ways of doing banking electronically. This paper has been divided into four sections dealing with four aspects of E-banking i.e. ATM, Internet banking , Mobile banking and Credit cards. Paper is basically concerned with the customer aspect of banking searching for customer satisfaction level. This is a comparative study of Public sector bankis, Private

(Joseph; Stone, 2003) have said that the internet deals with a huge number of various financial transactions like customer payments, securities transactions applications for insurance acquisitions or loans. The result of the intention of the internet is to be an open network which means a high security risks are implicated with financial transactions. Today, different techniques and standards are presented in order to control these risks. Basic requirements are as follows: customer and financial institution have to trust each other; private data have to be encoded. No third party can be able to quickly get access to the private information such as financial transactions; It necessary to be guaranteed that the receiver and the sender have the same intentions. Gautam and Khare (2014) also reference about security issues in online banking by saying “Security violation can be categorized as Violation with serious criminal intention, Violation by 'casual hackers ' or Flaws in systems design and/ or set up leading to a security violation. E-banking system users still face the security risks with unauthorized access” (Gautam and Khare, 2014). (Mohammad, 2008) has a study about the emerging gap between banks’ expectations (or at least what their written customer policy agreements imply) and users’ actions related to the security requirements of online banking, the study discussed the issue about using online banking