Efficient Market Hypothesis

Financial markets are crucial to promoting greater economic efficiency by channeling funds from people who do not have a productive use for them to those who do. Well functioning financial markets are a key factor in producing high economic growth, and poorly performing financial markets, vice versa. Financial markets and intermediaries have the basic function of getting people together by moving funds from those who have a surplus of funds to those who have a shortage of funds.

The efficient market hypothesis has been one of the main topics of academic finance research. The efficient market hypotheses also know as the joint hypothesis problem, asserts that financial markets lack solid hard information in making decisions. Efficient market hypothesis claims it is impossible to beat the market because stock market efficiency causes existing share prices to always incorporate and reflect all relevant information . According to efficient market hypothesis stocks always trade at their fair value on stock exchanges, making it impossible for investors to either purchase undervalued stocks or sell stocks for inflated prices. As such, it should be impossible to outperform the overall market through expert stock selection

Efficient Market Hypothesis has been controversial issues among researcher for decades. Until now, there is no united conclusion whether capital markets are efficiency or not. In 1960s, Fama (1970) believed that market is very efficient despite there are some trivial contradicted tests. Until recently, both empirical and theatrical efficient market hypothesis was being disputed by behavior finance economist. They have found that investor have psychological biases and found evidences that some stocks outperform other stocks. Moreover, there are evidences prove that market are not efficient for instance financial crisis, stock market bubble, and some investor can earn abnormal return which happening regularly in stock markets all over the world. Therefore, the purpose of this essay is to demonstrate that Efficient Market Hypothesis in stock (capital) markets does not exist in the real world by proofing four outstanding unrealistic conditions that make market efficient: information is widely available and cost-free, investor are rational, independent and unbiased, There is no liquidity problem in stock market, and finally stock prices has no pattern.

The efficient market, as one of the pillars of neoclassical finance, asserts that financial markets are efficient on information. The efficient market hypothesis suggests that there is no trading system based on currently available information that could be expected to generate excess risk-adjusted returns consistently as this information is already reflected in current prices. However, EMH has been the most controversial subject of research in the fields of financial economics during the last 40 years. “Behavioural finance, however, is now seriously challenging this premise by arguing that people are clearly not rational” (Ross, (2002)). Behavioral finance uses facts from psychology and other human sciences in order to

EFFICIENT MARKET HYPOTHESISName: Mamunur Rahman Introduction Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) is a concept that was developed in 1960 's Ph.D. dissertation that was presented by Eugene Fama. The efficient market hypothesis states that, in a liquid market, the price of the securities reflects all the available information. The EMH exists in various degrees that include weak, semi-strong and strong, denoting the inclusion of non-public information in the market price. The theory contends that notion that it is possible to outperform the market. This is so because the market value contains all the available information and thus such attempts are chances and not skills. The weak EMH indicates that the market prices fully reflect all the

The classic statements of the Efficient Markets Hypothesis (or EMH for short) are to be found in Roberts (1967) and Fama (1970)

Proponents of market efficiency (or academics) would say that technical analysis is a waste of time and cannot result in abnormal profits. This is because in a weak form, semi-strong or strong form efficient market, share prices should have already reflected historical price and volume data, and no-one can earn an abnormal return from strategies based in this information. Thus, we could also say that technical analysts or chartists do not believe in any form of market efficiency.

Taken as a whole, the money markets, stock markets, and OTC markets facilitate efficiency within the financial markets that ensures funds from savers are directed to their best sources. Not only does this help the US economy grow, but it also “facilitates the international flow of funds between countries” (“Please explain how financial markets,” 2005).

Chapter 2 Objectives, Scope and Research Methodology of the Dissertation: Having studied the broad outline of the research on the stock market efficiency as outlined in the introduction, this paper proceeds to define the boundaries of this research field namely the Objectives and Scope of this study, Research approach, Research Strategies, Data Collection Methods and dissemination of the data and information to arrive at the conclusions of the research. 2.1 Objectives of the Study: This dissertation paper aims to achieve the following objectives with respect to the chosen topic of the ‘Efficiency of the Stock Market’. The objectives are: • To establish that there exists a concept of the efficiency of the stock market which implies that at any given point of time the prices of securities react to all the market information positively or negatively depending on the nature of the information. • To make a complete report on the above efficient market hypothesis that forms the basis for this dissertation. In order to substantiate the claim put forward under the efficient market hypothesis, the study will make a review of all

random errort. The expected return is a function of a security‟s risk and the random component is due to new information, which by definition arrives randomly; hence, in a weak form efficient market, stock prices follow a random walk ,that is cannot be predicted (see fig. 2) (Hillier et al 2010).

Money markets is the market in which shares of freely held organizations are issued and exchanged either through trades or over the counter markets. Otherwise called the value showcase, the share trading system is a standout amongst the most crucial segments of a free market economy as it furnishes organizations with access to capital in return for giving financial specialists a cut of proprietorship in the organization. The share trading system makes it conceivable to develop little introductory entireties of cash into vast ones and to end up distinctly rich without going out on a limb of beginning a business or making the penances that frequently go with a lucrative vocation.

It helps investors to earn high return in our investment in comparison to other instrument of investment alternative.

Extensive amount of studies have been undertaken to examine the effect of stock market on GDP growth. Some of the studies on this topic are Demirguc-Kunt and Levine (1995), Levine and Zervos (1993, 1995, 1998) etc. In theory well developed stock market should enduce saving and efficiently allocate capital to productive investments which would later lead to increase in the rate of real output. Stock markets contribute to accumulation of domestic savings by enhancing the scope of financial instruments available to savers and investors trough diversification of their portfolios. Dailami and Aktin (1990) think stock markets provide important source of capital investment at low cost which should serve as an obvious benefit for the economy in general. In developed economies with developed stock markets share ownership provides individuals with probably the most liquid means of sharing the risks and benefits of investing in promising projects. The main advantage of liquid stock market is that it provides investors to cope with liquididy risk by allowing participants hit by illiquidity constraints to sell their stakes to othe participants who at the time do not suffer form the same problem. These transactions are done in real time with frictions in the market being at the minimum. The ending result of this process is that capital is not prematurely withdrawn form firms to meet short term liquidity need. It is just changing hands. Stock markets also play an important role in

With due respect, I, a student of B.B.A. Program (13th Batch) under Department of Finance, University of Dhaka, submit the report entitled “Portfolio Performance Evaluation and Attribution Analysis” that you have

The global financial crisis of 2008 was the most severe financial crisis that the world had experienced since The Great Depression of 1930s. Due to the recession, the Foreign Institutional Investors (FII’s) had disinvested in the Indian market to meet their commitments abroad. This had lead to an increase in the supply of shares in the stock market without a similar rise in demand to offset it. The present study is aimed at showing that this lack of demand for shares in the stock market is one of the reasons for the stock prices to fluctuate in India. In India