Eight Genes Affecting Eye Stereotypes

Chimpanzees have what is called melanin, which is a dark brown pigment that protects them from UV radiation. Melanin is a natural sunscreen, which filters out UV radiation. It is been proven that people with high concentration of melanin in their skin heading to come from tropical areas and it has protected them from skin cancer. After all of this research, Jablonski and Chaplin then ask, “what role melanin might play in human evolution?” (170).

5. In the film, Dr. Jablonski explains that melanin, located in the top layer of human skin, absorbs UV radiation, protecting cells from the damaging effects of UV. Genetics determines the type of melanin (i.e., brown/black eumelanin or red/brown pheomelanin) and the amount of melanin present in an individual’s cells. Based on this information, write a hypothesis for where in the world you would expect to find human populations with

One example of bias is all the theorists and skeptics about why Amelia Earhart’s plane disappeared in 1937.

In my opinion being bias has both good and bad characteristics. I believe the negative part of being bias is that you only think one sided and not open minded. You can 't be biased in some situations where you have to see both sides of view. A positive aspect is that you are consistent and not indecisive. If you have a passion or believe in something, then you will stay consistent with your decision.

Most genes don't do anything as flamboyant as the changing our eye color, instead, they make enzymes, which are deep inside our cells. These enzymes are important for organisms because they do different jobs that are needed for living, for example, running chemical reactions that are used help us digest our food, and burn energy. Metabolism is the name of these chemical reactions.

Introduction: The gene that codes for red-green color blindness, the most common form of color blindness in humans, is found on the X chromosome. One in 12 males is color blind. In females, however, color blindness affects only about 1 in 200. Why is

This paper considers that focused primarily on human iris. This choice of this topic was made due to interest of wanting to provide knowledge about the factors that determine eye color. I know, like hair or skin, brown eyes are dominant over blue eye genes. I also know that a person can be identified by the retina scanners because everyone has their iris with unique structural patterns.

Human pigmentation is influenced by hemoglobins within blood vessels in the skin, carotene and melanins. Melanin, the basis of pigmentation, can be found in the forms of eumelanin and phaeomelanin. Eumelanin is the brown-black pigment located in the skin, hair, and eyes. Phaeomelanin is a yellow to reddish-brown pigment found in small quantities within the skin, eyes, and red hair. Because of these two pigments, to a greater or lesser degree, we have the variation

In evolutionary terms colour and the way it is perceived is an important aspect. Sumner and Mollon (2000a) conducted research looking into the photopigments and the detection of targets. They found that the L/M subsystem provides an advantage for the detection of fruits and leaves. This led them to their conclusion that finding these foods may have been an essential selective advantage in the original development and maintenance of primate trichromacy, and thus the process of colour perception can be beneficial to primates. Despite having the same visual system, the research is problematic as it was conducted on animals, and thus the findings may not be the same when applying it to the human concept of colour vision. Further support towards the evolutionary basis of colour perception comes from Bompas, Kendall and Sumner (2013) who found that normal trichromats made faster responses and fewer errors than their colour deficient competitors. This shows that colour is an important aspect and both of these research findings combined suggest enhanced survival due to the way in which colour is

Although very informative, I nearly lost interest in the subject as it was a bit dry, however, with the incorporation of pictures, I was able to grasp the science of how this structure functions and the significance of melanin, “the most important substance imparting color to skin” (9). Melanin is formed in cells called melanocytes, located between the dermis and epidermis; these cells produce different amounts of melanin and this is the main reason why people have different skin colors (11,14). The author breaks down the scientific terms in a clear and coherent

For a long time, the term “albinism” referred only to people who had white hair, white skin, and blue eyes. Individuals who had OCA and pigmented hair and eyes were identified, particularly in the African and

How did blue eyes develop? Was it a primary eye colour, or did an event occur in history that altered a person’s eye colour?

Some researchers classify eye dominance as one of two types: motor dominance and sensory dominance. Motor dominance usually is identified through pointing and sighting tests and involves cases where a person has to choose between the two eyes. These include the triangle test described above, or the pointing test to determine which eye sees a distant target. Sensory dominance, on the other hand, involves a different process where both eyes are competing to process information. The tests that are used to judge sensory dominance include, for example, where an image associated with either the right or left eye is presented or the subject sees a combined perception of the two. Sometimes images are presented repeatedly to see which eye is

The red-green opsins are the most susceptible for mutation due to the localization of each protein, producing color blindness. The localization of the red and green opsins is near each other and contains ninety-eight percent identical in their DNA sequences (Sanders et al 2012). Mutations in these genes are caused by an error during crossover in prophase I of female meiosis. It occurs in female meiosis rather than male meiosis due to the fact that opsin genes are produced by the X-linked chromosome which females possess. This states that mothers are the sole carriers of color blindness and it is rare for a female to express color blindness. Dalton’s eyes contributed to the understanding of color vision 150 years after his death. His interests on color blindness have paved the way to understand color deficiency in our society.

In this section we will be discussing some of the cognitive biases that have been debated the most.