Elderly Patients : Undergoing Cataract Surgery

This lady lives alone, which is the situation 2.5 million people over 75 find themselves in the UK(office for national statistics, 2015), the population of the United Kingdom over 75 is projected to double over the next 30 years (Ons.gov.uk, 2015) . She has bilateral age related maculopathy this affects less than 3.3% of the older population. Augood et al (2004). She does live with family and this will give good motivation to try to and make the best of her remaining vision in order to help her play with her grandchildren, the fact that her granddaughter is able to bring her to the appointment is also very helpful as any advice can (as long as the patient gives permission) can be relayed to his daughter to reinforce particularly in the correct

This Anaesthetic case study would describes and discussed the scenario of a patient through the anaesthetic role of their surgical procedure. It will include and discuss the anaesthetic safety procedures equipment and drug interventions used to ensure this particular patients maximum safety and comfort before and during the procedure. The case study will include pre and peri-operative assessment in order to describe the involvement contribution of various specialties in the holistic care of the critical care patient. This assignment will focus only on the anaesthetics side of the procedure but will also highlight the importance of the triad of anaesthesia and discuss the administration, maintenance and reversal of

The research topic I will be introducing is Age-Related Macular Degeneration. This has been classified as a degenerative disorder that distresses the macula in one’s eye. AMD is unfortunately a common illness that individuals over 65 suffer from and that is a central cause vision loss. AMD doesn’t have a set disease pathway, in some individuals it advances slowly so that loss of vision does not arise for a long time. The disease can also advance much quicker and may lead to lack of vision in either or both eyes. The disease begins a blurry area near the center of one’s vision which grows larger and larger possibly causing a blank space in the eye (Boyd, 2013). Research is being done on AMD because it is a prevalent illness and has extreme consequences.

Glaucoma can occur without much warning, whether its acute from a accident in which a trauma is issued on the eye, or if it is due to age and heredity. Glaucoma doesn 't discriminate, it is seen in all races and genders. It happens so slowly with age and heredity that you don 't even notice the loss of vision until it is too late, and with acute glaucoma it can be painful with pain that radiates over the face, a headache, nausea, vomiting and seeing colored halos around lights and even blurred vision can be a few symptoms (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2013). Once you start seeing halos, and lose peripheral vision, it may be an indicator that irreversible damage to the optic nerve has happened. In this paper we will discuss the pathophysiology of glaucoma, the types of glaucoma as well as the causes for them. the issues that glaucoma can cause someone, and the treatments and interventions. We will also have a education handout to help better understand how to administer the medication, and the effects it has on the eye.

You will be given a medicine to make you sleep through the procedure (general anesthetic).

In the words of Allan Ray, an American professional basketball player who suffered from impaired vision, “I faced the odds when glaucoma took the ball out of my hands. I’ve said it before, and I’ll say it again: ‘It may be cloudy in my right eye, but the sun is shining very brightly in my left eye.’” The significance of this quote explains Ray’s traumatic experience in coping with an eye disease called glaucoma. Diagnosed at an early age, Ray accepted the fact that this severe disease will never leave him alone. Glaucoma is an eye condition that people should fear because it is the second leading cause of blindness. It is considered “the silent thief of sight” because the vision loss happens slowly over time, and that particular factor

Anesthetics are considered an essential element of modern surgical medicine. There are physical and psychological risks associated with the use of anesthesia, however these risks tend to be perceived as ethically acceptable. Over the past 20 years, the ability to perform longer, more complicated surgical procedures has been facilitated by the development of powerful and sophisticated drugs to achieve the desired affects of patient stability. The impact of anesthesia on brain function is contested, specifically its potential impact on long-term memory and a possible association with the onset of dementia. This is especially pertinent to several groups including the very young, the very old and those with pre-existing health issues. This essay will explore the history of anesthetics, and evaluate if the modern risks outweigh the long-standing benefits of using advanced anesthetics in surgery. Furthermore, this essay will examine the role of the media in public awareness of these risks.

Do you know what the leading cause of blindness is in Americans from ages 20 to 74? It is diabetes an illness that changes the way the body breaks down and absorbs sugars. These changes, doctors feel, take away oxygen that the retina needs. (The retina is the back layer of the eye and it is where sharp images are formed.) When this happens’ some small blood vessels may become weak and break, vision problems occur when this blood leaks into the areas around the retina. Diabetes can also cause glaucoma and cataracts. Glaucoma is a disease that causes a lot of pressure in the eye because too much fluid builds up. Cataracts, on the other hand, cloud the lens of the eye and this makes a person feel like he or she is looking through a grimy window.

It is essential, during anaesthesia, to prevent any mechanical pressure to the globes and to maintain mean arterial pressure. Horseshoe headrests should not be used for prone patients as they have been implicated in nearly all cases of direct eye pressure damage in the prone position. All patients complaining of postoperative visual disturbance require urgent review by an ophthalmologist. Although vision rarely returns after ischaemic optic neuropathy, treatment may improve the visual field defect following central retinal artery

Anesthesia has redefined surgery. It has converted surgery from a form of medical butchery into a highly professional, lifesaving event, that millions of people undergo, worldwide (The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2014, para 4). The history of anesthesia is not the most picturesque as it was rather gruesome and cost the lives of many. However, these deaths were not in vain as anesthesia led to surgery seemingly becoming an everyday ordeal, in which its astounding impact on society has increased exponentially, especially in recent years. Although it may appear as if anesthesia is a fairly simple concept, the science

Due to the strong genetic component associated with the development of cataracts, there are differences in the incidence and progression of cataracts between races.x White Americans maintain the highest prevalence rate of cataracts (18%), followed by black Americans (13%), and Hispanic Americans (12%). Among all Americans with cataracts, 80% were white, 8% were black, and 7% were Hispanic.4

Recognizing patient risk factors, and minimizing modifiable surgical risk factors are both important to avoid a debilitating sequela for the patient. Optimizing the management of patients with known ophthalmologic pathologies prior to undergoing any procedure that requires steep trendelenburg is also important in the preoperative assessment. Other approaches and modified positions should be considered prior to surgery. Patients with glaucoma should be made aware of the potential risk of blindness or loss of vision due to positioning prior to obtaining consent. A detailed preoperative and post-operative physical exam of the eye is imperative to be able to evaluate for corneal abrasions, exacerbated glaucoma, or any other new onset changes to the eye. As with any other case, comprehensive handoff reports are imperative to prevent further complications and to identify those patients who may be at risk upon emergence from general anesthesia and steep trendelenberg positioning. Anesthesiologists must make immediate clinical management decisions and obtain emergency ophthalmology consultation to reduce IOP and ultimately minimize permanent

Cataract is a medical condition in which the lens of the eye becomes progressively opaque, resulting in blurred vision. It si a common condition in people older than 40 and it is the primary cause of blindness in the world.

This prospective randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted from September 2012 to November 2013 and included patients who underwent microincision cataract surgery (MICS) at the Hospital Virgen de los Lirios. The study recruited 60 eyes of 41 patients. Eligible patients were those aged 65 to 80 with senile cataract and no other concomitant disease that would prevent a postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/40 or better. Exclusion criteria included history of ocular surgery or trauma, corneal disease, glaucoma, uveitis, vitreous opacities, retinopathy or visual pathway defects. Other exclusion criteria were current treatment with systemic steroids, immunosuppressants, anticoagulants or prostaglandin analogue eye drops. Patients with intraoperative complications or extended surgical time were also excluded.

Anesthesia which is commonly used during medical operations once made patients uncomfortable and had serious risks. 2. But new drugs and procedures that have developed in recent years allow patients under anesthesia to be comfortable and much safer. 3. Twenty years ago any patient undergoing anesthesia would have to had to stay overnight in a hospital probably feeling sick and very confused. 4. Today many patients can have general anesthesia which renders them completely unconscious and still go home the same day. 5. Another form of anesthesia monitored anesthesia, or conscious seduction allows the patient to be awake while feeling sleepy with no pain. 6. A surgeon may also suggest regional or local anesthesia which numbs only a specific part