Electric Control II : Pid Motor Control Lab

On a larger scale, the example of a Lego made motors efficiency can relate to that of a modern day car and the efficiency / energy waste that comes from it. The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion of a fossil fuel mixes with air in a chamber of the operational fluid flow circuit.

An electric model train set builder will never forget that first model purchase or gift. At first it may have been just a toy and then evolved into a wonderful hobby. Model trains arrived very shortly after the real thing.

In real applications, the values of the controller parameters will be usually computed for one case (generally, the typical demand) and applied for different scenarios. Therefore, it is important that the controllers adjusted for one scenario, also perform properly in other circumstances. In other words, it is necessary to have a robust controller, especially against different demand profiles.

Using an electric motor, an experiment was performed to test the efficiency of the motor when the mass being lifted was increased in increments of ten grams. As the mass increased by each increment of ten grams, the motor efficiency decreased by an average of 7.439%. Our results were found by using the equation: efficiency=gain in potential differenceelectrical energy used Therefore, this inverse relationship proved mass affects the efficiency of electric motors.

The control degrees of freedom are the number of variables that can be controlled in the process, and the knowledge of them it is important in order to develop the process of the control system.

The financial crisis starting in 2008 and the following recession hit hard the US auto sector. Traditional car makers had to realise that substantial changes were needed in order to maintain their strong position in the

A good control system provides timely information to the manager which is very much useful for taking various decisions. Control simplifies supervision by pointing out the significant deviations from the standards of performance. It keeps the subordinates under check and brings discipline among them.

It seized above 60 years to appear at the conception of the induction motor, here are a little of the most prominent contributors to the invention.

The productivity of a plant depends on the variables presents and how they are controlled or manipulated in order to achieve the desired results with minimum production cost. This can be achieved by modeling mathematical equations to understand the behavior of the process and also predict the behavior of the system if certain changes are introduced. In summary, engineers need to model processes if they are going to design or develop those processes. In the practices of engineering design, models are often applied to predict what will happen in a future situation. However, the predictions are used in ways that have far different consequences than simply anticipating the outcome of an experiment (What Is Mathematical Model). We obtain the response of a system to the sum of the specific inputs by superposing the separate responses of the system to each individual input. This principle is used to predict the response of a system to a complicated input by breaking down the input into a set of simpler inputs that produce known system responses or behaviors.

Flick the switch and the lights usually comes on. This involves a but ton of electricity. Our past ancestors would love to have these electric motors that we have today. You will find these motors from everything to electric trains and remote controlled cars. As an example we will use a computer. They usually have two but the biggest ones can have up to 12. They usually are used from the fan to cool it down and the hard drive. These motors are in everything we use these days. From the fans we use to the hair dryers to dry our hair. Without these we would still have horses and buggies. It’s sad that we use these things everyday and take them for granted. These little motors have six parts: Armature or rotor, commutator, brushes, axle, field magnet, and DC power supply of some sort. Most electric motors operate through the interaction between an electric motor's magnetic field and winding currents to generate force. In certain applications, such as in regenerative braking with traction motors in the transportation industry, electric motors can also be used in reverse as generators to convert mechanical energy into electric power. Found in applications as diverse as industrial fans, blowers and pumps, machine tools, household appliances, power tools, and disk drives, electric motors can be powered by direct current sources, such as from batteries, motor vehicles or rectifiers, or by alternating current sources, such as from the power grid, inverters or generators. Small motors may be found in electric watches. General-purpose motors with highly standardized dimensions and characteristics provide convenient mechanical power for industrial use. The largest of electric motors are used for ship propulsion, pipeline compression and pumped-storage applications with ratings reaching 100 megawatts. Electric motors may be classified by electric power source type, internal construction, application, type of motion output, and so on. Thomas Davenport developed the first real electric motor although Joseph Henry and Michael Faraday created early motion devices using electromagnetic fields. The early motor created spinning disks or levers that rocked back and forth. These devices could not do any work for humankind but were

Induction motor is widely used in many different industries, it is a kind of machine use AC electric power to generate magnetic force and field from the stator winding. The different of induction motor from other kinds of motors is that induction motor need no automatic commutation, separate-excitation or self-excitation from stator to rotor to changing the power. Rotor voltage is induced in the rotor rather than being

This paper presents a simulation for the sensorless operation of a BLDC motor drive with the estimation of initial rotor position at standstill. The system determines the actual rotor position of the motor at standstill and provides appropriate starting pulses to inverter switches to turn on. Once the motor starts to rotate, it then directly extracts the back EMF from the motor terminals between the floating phase and the midpoint of DC link. Inductance variation sensing method is used for estimating the initial rotor position of the motor followed by a sensorless operation by back EMF sensing method. The principle behind the rotor position estimation is detection and comparison of phase voltage and dc link current responses and relating it with stator inductances.

Conventional control methods cannot achieve the desired speed tracking with good accuracy in case of sudden disturbance and parameter variations. This problem can be alleviated by implementing advanced control techniques such as adaptive control, variable structure control, fuzzy control and neural network [66].Fuzzy control theory usually provides nonlinear controllers that are capable of performing different complex nonlinear control action even for uncertain nonlinear systems [67]. Unlike conventional control designing, a FLC does not require precise knowledge of the system model such as the poles and zeroes of the system transfer function [68]. A fuzzy-logic control system based on expert knowledge database needs less calculations, but it lacks sufficient capacity for the new rules [1]. So, the combination between fuzzy and PID controller where the role of the fuzzy controller is to tune the PID controller parameters according to the error and change of error might be a good alternative compared to conventional PID control [45] and [67].

Abstract. Reset controllers has began in 1959 with the Clegg integrator; It was not until the Horowitz work on quantitative design procedure was developed in 1974, firstly around the Clegg integrator in Krishnan and Horowitz and then another progress has made in 1975 around the first order reset element (FORE) in Horowitz and Rosenbaum.

PID controllers are the most widely-used type of controller for industrial applications. They are structurally simple and exhibit robust performance over a wide range of operating conditions. In the absence of the complete knowledge of the process these types of controllers are the most efficient of choices.