Electronic Medical Records Of Four Senior Surgeons For All Revision Spine Surgery

Surgical site infections (SSI) occur in 2 – 5% of ‘clean’ non-abdominal surgical procedures (Rothrock, 2007). Staphylococcus epidermidis is the most common cause for SSI in Orthopaedic surgery (NICE, 2008). Guidelines were produced by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) to try and reduce this infection rate and include a preoperative phase, (including hair removal and antibiotic prophylaxis), an intra-operative phase and postoperative phase.

In recent years, surgical site infections are verified as one of the most errors that are common in the healthcare; however, they are also preventable. These research papers will synthesis information about surgical infections, patient experience, hospital-acquired conditions and achievement of expected treatment for specific clinical diagnoses. A surgical site infection is an infected condition in the body after surgery has occurred. Surgical site infections are caused by germs, called bacteria. Different types of bacteria from the environment may cause a delay in healing. The infection may come from surgical tools or bacteria on the skin if it is not clean correctly. Healthcare professionals use certain guidelines and

The unit utilizes an evidence-based testing and pre-surgical evaluation processes, thereby making it ideal to do the required assessment, testing, and treatment effectively. Although, there continues to be resistance from some surgeons, majority are taking notice of the major impacts of inadequate pre-operative patient preparation. The JC risk assessment recommendations dictate institutions are responsible to reduce infections caused by Multi Drug Resistant Organisms (MDRO) and the initial occurrence of an epidemiologically significant organism (2016).

Treatment with postoperative antibiotics did not significantly reduce the risk of developing superficial SSIs, deep SSIs or organ space SSIs. The patients received postoperative antibiotics were significantly more likely to sustain a postoperative urinary tract infection (P=0.03), increased risk of Clostridium difficile infection (P =0.01) and postoperative diarrhea (P = 0.02) while showing higher rates of both readmission (P= 0.08) and reoperation (P = 0.07) (Table 3) with a significantly longer postoperative length of stay (2.6 vs 1.4 days, P = 0.001) (Table1&

Surgical site infections plague patients all over the world on a daily basis. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that drug-resistant bacteria cause two million illnesses and about 23,000 deaths each year in the United States alone” (Frieden, 2013).

On postoperative concern that will be primarily addressed before surgery is infection control. Prior to going into the OR, the patient’s surgical site will need to be cleansed. According to a study by Webster and Osborn (2015) of the Cochrane Library “Surgical site infection is a serious complication of surgery and is usually associated with increased length of hospital stay for the patient, and also higher hospital costs. The use of an antiseptic solution for preoperative bathing or

There can also be infections that occur during the healing process after surgery that lead to osteomyelitis. Overall, anything that will keep the wound open and allow possible bacteria and viruses into the body can lead to osteomyelitis (Porth,

Recently, Stapylococcus aureus joint infection pathogenesis has become a major burden for patients and healthcare providers. A unique biofilm formation process allows bacteria to resist standard treatments used for infections. Specifically, a serious medical issue confronted by orthopedic surgeons is the prevalence of staph infections associated with joint reconstructions and replacements. According to the National Hospital Discharge Survey compiled in 2010, there are more than 7 million individuals just in the United States

Generally, the authors found no evidence to suggest that postoperative MRSA infections declined in patients who received an antibiotic regimen prophylactically before surgery (Gurusamy, Koti, Wilson, and Davidson, 2013). They did, however, see a need for further study. That recommendation arose from one result that seemed to contradict the general findings. In an isolated group of gastronomy patients, prophylaxis treatment with co-amoxiclav antibiotic reduced SSIs (Gurusamy et al., 2013). Promising at first glance, that result needs to be tested in a larger trial, Gurusamy et al. (2013)

In the 2015 study conducted by Popov, a 61 year old male was diagnosed after arterial surgery. The patient came in complaining of pain. This is common along with inflammation and a red, hot feeling in the area. The person may also experience a fever. In other cases, some people have been infected after surgery. It is more likely to occur in an individual that has a compromised immune system. In one instance of the infection, the person contracted on the forearm around the area of what was constant drug use. The source would have been a dirty needle. Another individual contracted the bacterium on the upper leg. This was suspected to be the site of an insulin injection for a woman with diabetes.

The interface left during DALK is a potential dead space and intraoperative introduction of microorganisms can proliferate within this space without a host immune response. The most common microorganism retrieved from DALK-interface keratitis is Candida (Kanavi et al., 2007).

Antibiotic combination therapy including rifampin seems promising in prosthetic joint infection, yet it has scarcely been studied in infection after internal fixation.8 Also there are only few data available on the treatment of Gram-negative bacilli infection after internal fixation as well as after prosthetic joint replacement. In contrast to prosthetic joint infection, there are no uniform algorithms for the treatment of infection after internal fixation.9 This can results in inconsistent treatment. For example, at Erasmus MC infection after internal fixation is treated differently than UMC Utrecht. At Erasmus MC as well as at UMC Utrecht therapy starts with a surgical debridement. At UMC Utrecht debridement is immediately followed by vancomycin and rifampin intravenous therapy. After bacterial identification the antibiotic is adjusted if necessary. At Erasmus MC debridement is followed with bacterial identification. After bacterial identification antibiotic therapy starts, the choice of antibiotic depends on bacterial identification. Rifampin holds the ability to penetrate into the biofilm relatively

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are the most common nosocomial infections among surgical patients and the second or third most frequent hospital acquired infections in general hospitals (1). SSIs cause destruction of tissue, pain, scars, and fail in wound healing and increasing risk of morbidity in surgical patients(2). The susceptibility data collected in some study suggested that some antibiotic agents can be ineffective against the common bacterial pathogens isolated from SSIs. However the inappropriate administration of antimicrobials in preoperative prophylaxis is still a problem(3). Among antibiotic resistance organisms MRSA, is an increasing important nosocomial pathogen that causes SSIs and complicates treatment for these infections(4).

Preoperative systemic antibiotic prophylaxis for implant surgeries in orthopaedics is commonly used [4]. Studies show that regardless of the precautions being used, prophylactic antibiotics do reduce the incidence of infection [1,5-7]. Three

Postoperative surgical site infections according to Nichol (2001) remain a major source of illness in surgical patients. Beaver, (2008) point out that surgical infection is one of the side effects that occur after a patient has gone for surgery.