Elipa Assay Lab Report

The mole is a convenient unit for analyzing chemical reactions. Avogadro’s number is equal to the mole. The mass of a mole of any compound or element is the mass in grams that corresponds to the molecular formula, also known as the atomic mass. In this experiment, you will observe the reaction of iron nails with a solution of copper (II) chloride and determine the number of moles involved in the reaction. You will determine the number of moles of copper produced in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the number of moles of iron used up in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the ratio of moles of iron to moles of copper, and determine the number of atoms and formula units involved in

Today with my group lab we had to discuss on how to design an experiment that investigated the two herbicides DCMU and DCPIP. We used Elodea leaf and Elodea is basically a genus of aquatic plants often called the waterweeds and can be found anywhere in a pond or under water. So we started by creating a solution of phenol red, by adding 5 drops of concentrated phenol red to 40mL of water, then one of our group member used a straw to gently blow air into the solution until it reaches a neutral pH. We then transferred the solution into two test tubes evenly and labeled each tube dark and light, meaning the dark one will stay in the dark and the light one will stay under light bulbs. We predicted that dark one will stay the same and the light

We can assume any activity in the control is from enzymes besides SDH since there is no succinate, or substrate, for SDH added. By subtracting this amount from the other reactions ,we obtained a more accurate result of what SDH activity was,

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a common laboratory technique used to measure the concentration of an analyte (usually antibodies or antigens) in solution. In the practical anti-BSA antibodies that had undergone serial dilutions were added to a BSA solution in an ELISA plate with goal of seeing how the concentration of anti-BSA antibodies would affect the colour change of the BSA solution. The results clearly showed a direct correlation as the more diluted the anti-BSA antibody solutions became the lower the Wavelength readings at 405nm, which showed that there was less of a colour change.

In this lab, we were applying Newton’s laws of force on a moving object. In this

Enzymes are a specific kind of protein that usually act to enhance a chemical reaction. Enzymes, like any other protein, are made of amino acids arranged in a specific pattern that in transcribed through mRNA and translated in the nucleus by the ribosomes. The basic amino acid chain is called the primary structure, the chain usually undergoes bonding that results in either an Alpha helix structure or a Beta sheet structure depending on the function of the enzyme and the interactions between the amino acids. Further interaction will result in a 3D conformation which is called a tertiary structure, which are the functioning subunits of an enzyme. As subunits come together to form an enzyme, that is a quaternary structure.

(I) Regulation of mitochondrial transport during synapse formation and long-term depression (LTD). We have made now developed a highly robust assay for quantifying kinesin mediated transport in Aplysia sensory neurons (SNs). Our assay consists of time-lapse imaging of fluorescently labeled mitochondria in sensory neurons. We used mitotracker green to visualize

Figure 1. Dysbindin-1 controls mitochondrial length. Hippocampal slices cultured from sdy mice and their WT littermates were transduced with lentivirus expressing mitoDsRed (A–C), or cultured hippocampal neurons (WT) co-transfected with mitoDsRed and designated plasmids (D, E) were used for confocal imaging of mitochondria. (A) Representative images of mitochondria in the CA3 region; scale bar, 10 m. (B, C) Quantification for A; Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test (B) and Student’s t-test (C) were used. (D) Representative images of transfected neurons; scale bar, 20 m for upper and 5 m for lower, enlarged images. (E) Quantification for D; one way ANOVA on ranks was used to compare across groups (H = 82.78, DF = 6, p < 0.001); Student’s t-test

Using the LKMTA and DTA to measure the reduction in fast mitochondrial transport in a single pair of pre-drug / post-Nocodazole movies. A. A set of images from a single well, before and after application of Nocodazole. B. The absolute velocity maps for the control and Nocodazole treated samples at a single time point. C. A maximum Z-projection of all of the absolute velocity maps in the time series. D. A maximum Z-projection of all of the tracks produced by the Mass Particle Tracker plugin in the time series. E. Overlay of the output of the LKMTA and Mass Particle Tracker algorithm in red and blue. There is a similar overall reduction in the flow maps and the number of tracks, as well as a correspondence between their distributions; bar = 25 μM.

Mitochondria are crucial for cells, supplying up to 90% of the energy requirements for cellular function. Their correct localisation is crucial and ensured by a transport system. Mitochondrial trafficking in neurons is particularly critical, because mitochondria must leave the soma and travel along the axon and dendritic network to facilitate neuronal function. Abnormal mitochondrial trafficking has been reported in several neurological disorders, therefore the ability to quantify and analyse mitochondrial trafficking is vital to improving our understanding of their pathogenesis. Commercial software currently lacks an automated approach for performing such quantitation. Here, we demonstrate the development of the Mitochondrial Trafficking and

The enzymes that are being used in this lab, whichever catalase it may be, has an optimal or room temperature of 37°C. When the the chosen enzyme catalase is exposed to hydrogen peroxide, it begins to decompose into the water mixed with the oxygen gas in the air. This means that when an enzyme is damaged, it is no longer able to work as a catalyzer in a chemical reaction.

Fig. 1 Snapshots of mitochondrial movement in a neuron. A single mitochondrion is pointed to by the arrow at different locations at 40sec intervals.

Materials & Methods: Cytoprotective properties were determined by measuring neuronal cell viability (MTT assay), intracellular ROS (DCFDA), anti-apoptotic properties (Annexin V FITC/PI, DAPI) and mitochondrial membrane potential (rhodamine 123) using florescence microscopy.

A large body of toxicology data is now being generated for NMs, using a wide variety of models, protocols and end-points. It is clear that not all NMs are equally toxic and these disparities are to a large extent based upon their physical and chemical properties and experimental set-ups and variations. The data generated will hopefully in time provide the opportunity for a variety of different analyses

NPs produced by nanotechnology methods have been developed for application in different pesticides (Nel et al., 2006). Therefore, methods used to manufacture NPs are important criteria. Due to specific physiochemical properties, NPs may be used as fillers, semiconductors, opacifiers, catalysts, and microelectronics, and also as cosmetics and drug carriers in pharmacology and pharmaceutics (Nel et al., 2006). Thereafter, we need to consider risk assessment, establishment of safety manufacture, and the use of NPs in the marketplace and their potential toxicity (Nel et al., 2006; Medina et al., 2007). Next, we investigated the underlying mechanism of biogenic Te NRs-induced cytotoxicity in the PC-12 cell line. As shown in Figure 2, cell viability was reduced in a concentration-dependent manner. By increasing the concentration of biogenic Te NRs, cytotoxicity can be enhanced in PC-12 cells. Significant reduction in rat hippocampal astrocytes viability was observed in exposure to 1.95–250 μM of diphenylditelluride (DPDT) and 0.97-250 μM of TeCl4through MTT assay; lethal concentration (LC50) for both compounds was estimated at 62.5 μM (Roy and Hardej, 2011). Studies have indicated that NPs may induce cytotoxicity by disrupting the cell structure and cause dysfunction in the cells by binding to survival macromolecules (Navarro et al., 2008). It has been reported that these toxicities depend on particle size, surface properties, and then, on cellular uptake of NPs