Module 7 Pertussis Lyme Disease

Herd immunity is essential in a community where people are unable to be vaccinated. The greater the quantity of people that are immune to a disease, the lower the chance of someone who is vulnerable contracting said disease. Whooping cough is an excellent example of a vaccine that strongly relies on herd immunity. With whooping cough, babies are particularly at risk of infection, therefore it is essential that immediate family members such as the; mother, father and grandparents are all immunised before coming into contact with the

Once vaccinated, the person is protected from whooping cough for roughly 10 years and needs to receive the Tdap booster vaccine again. (Tdap- Tetanus and Diphtheria). This is a negative aspect as one vaccination doesn't provide a lifelong solution to Pertussis.

Influenza is not a deadly virus and does have a vaccination. One of the three types of influenza, type C, “type C infections cause a mild respiratory illness and are not thought to cause epidemics” (Types of Influenza Viruses). The other two types of influenza viruses type“ A and B viruses cause seasonal epidemics” and happen mostly when winter hits (Types of Influenza

Lymes disease is present here in Nova Scotia and has also affected humans and dogs in different parts of North America. It is one of the most common tick-causing symptoms however only 5-10% of dogs are affected showing different forms of the disease. Living in Lunenburg & Queens County (NS), there seems to be a higher population of deer ticks, as well as other parts of the province. The deer ticks are the primary carrier of the disease. A tick carrying the bacteria (B.burgdorferi) that can cause Lyme disease can transmit it to a dog after filling itself with blood, which takes at least 48 hours. Even if it is attached for 48 hours, the dog may not contract the disease.

Also, the analysis depicts the geographic distributions of pertussis mortality across the United States. During 2000-2010, 184 deaths were directly attributed to pertussis, which occurred only in California, Pennsylvania and Texas.2 California had the highest morality rate, at 35 deaths in the ten-year period.2 Notably, the White population of reported pertussis morality was at the highest at 160 of 184 deaths.2 Also, there has been an increase in reported cases in the United Sates, in 2000 there were 12 reported deaths and in 2010 there were 26 deaths.2 94 percent of the pertussis related mortality occurred in infants (less than 1 years old) who are not fully immunized.

This thought would be a myth. These diseases never really disappear, instead the number of cases drop extremely low and just aren't noticed by the majority of society anymore.5 In the United States, all 50 states have a mandatory vaccination law established within the schools to protect against diseases such as this.6 After the release of the first poliomyelitis vaccine in 1955, Jonas Salk was greatly thanked by many all around and this creation established a sense of relief from polio all over America and even the world.7 Warning of certain side effects were even given about this vaccine but that didn't stop anyone from getting it; after viewing how horrible polio was, society would do whatever possible to prevent it.8 The fact that those living during the 1900's, especially mid 1900's, witnessed everything that polio could do and even lost loved ones to it, established a greater desire for the vaccine. Even if some may have been against vaccines, it's the fear that they lived by which drove them to get it. There still were select people that were just so against vaccinations they never got it, but that meant that they were still at risk. As the years went on and cases of certain diseases such as polio decreased substantially, there was little fear among people since they were almost non-existent and some felt as if certain vaccinations were not

For instance, pertussis, or commonly known as whooping cough, “Whooping cough is a highly contagious respiratory tract infection (cdc.gov).” This infection may resemble a common cold; however, it quickly turns into a more serious illness, causing babies or those with compromised immune systems to stop breathing and can become fatal. Babies cannot receive this vaccination until they are two months of age. Most babies who have whooping cough catch it from their caregivers or other family members. Whooping cough spreads easily from person to person, through coughing and sneezing, usually people who spread whooping cough are unaware that they even have it. The best way to prevent this is to receive the pertussis vaccination, DTaP in children and TDaP in adults. If you have received the vaccination in the past, it is always best to ask your health care provider if you are in need of a booster vaccination. Much like other vaccinations, the boosters are just as important as the initial vaccination. The immunity can wear off over time leaving one susceptible to the

According to SC DHEC, Division of Acute Disease Epidemiology, 2011 shows in this chart the confirmed and probable Pertussis cases in SC, between 2004 and 2010. “Pertussis tends to become epidemic every 2-5 years; a trend unchanged from the years before vaccine introduction. Outbreaks occur throughout the year in the US (Cherry, 2010; CDC, 2010b). Pertussis vaccination has reduced the case incidence in peak years by more than 95%.”

That being said, serious damage from vaccination is a rare occurrence (Malone and Hinaman). A Glanz study (2013) from the Vaccine Safety data link demonstrated a direct magnitude that as communities were under vaccinated for Pertussis, the risk of Pertusis increased. The study also showed a 28 times higher rate of Pertussis in children that had no Pertussis vaccination documentation (Glanz et al. 2913). This study as well as an intense list of data by the CDC emulates supportive data for the effectiveness of vaccinations.

When this point is reached, we can prevent disease outbreak. 2. Supporting evidence: According to Dr. David Sugerman in an article written in Pediatric, “In 2011, the US did not meet the 92-94% herd immunity threshold for whooping cough, resulting in a 2012 outbreak that affected 42,000 people and was the biggest outbreak since 1955. B.

Every year or season a slightly different flu strain awakens, infecting our human population. This fall it’s the whooping cough, also called pertussis. It is causing many deaths, especially in infants. Many health officials have grown concerned with this unexpected new threat, mainly because the babies are too young to be fully immunized by the illness. It’s essential to understand how this virus is effecting our population and what procedures must be taken in order to prevent it from continuing to spread.

ones to not only vaccinate their children, but themselves as well. Pertussis was once believed to

Lyme disease is caused by the bacteria Borrellia burgdorferi, and it is the most common vector borne illness in the United States (CDC, 2014). Lyme disease is transmitted by the blacklegged ticks and they live on animals like dogs and cats, around stone walls and wood piles. These ticks also live in wooded and bushy areas with high grass and leaf litter. These ticks hold onto leaves and grasses by their lower legs, where they get picked up by a passing host and that is one of the ways through which they make their way to the human body.

Whooping cough, which is additionally called pertussis, is exceptionally infectious and most genuine for children. Individuals with whooping hack normally spread the ailment by hacking or sniffling while in close contact with others, who then take in the microscopic organisms that cause the ailment. Prior to an immunization was accessible, pertussis murdered around 9,000 individuals in the United States every year. Presently, the pertussis antibody has lessened the yearly number of passings to under 30. Be that as it may, as of late, the quantity of cases has begun to rise. In 2004, the quantity of whooping hack cases spiked past 25,000, the most elevated amount following the 1950s.

Pertussis is commonly spread during the catarrhal and early paroxysmal stages and unfortunately the population with the highest risk of infection is young children. Children less than one year are at highest risk of infection and death secondary to pertussis because at this age they have not received the recommended