Mary Barton Essay

Once released from custody, Cassidy returned to the UK where she shared her experiences to raise awareness for violation of human rights in Chile, as she was one of 30,000 tortured. She continues to give back to the community with her want to improve people’s lives.

Luddism, for example, was one of the ideologies that opposed the industrial changes that liberalism brought. The jobs of the skilled textile workers were lost and replaced by machines operated by unskilled laborers. The Luddites protested and even broke into factories, destroying many machinery. Chartism was another example of the response to the unrecognized individual rights. Chartism was a working- class movement with the main focus on political and social reform in society (Fielding, 2009, 132). The Chartists wanted a political and social reform in society because they could be granted the rights to participate in these aspects of society. Utopian Socialists were humanitarians who advocated an end to the appalling conditions of the average worker in the industrial capitalist countries (Fielding, 2009, 134). They believed that education and the improved working conditions could peacefully remove the worst aspects of capitalism and lead to an ideal socialist society where everyone would live happily. “It is therefore the interest of all, that everyone, from birth, should be well educated, physically and mentally, that society may be improved in its character; that everyone should be beneficially employed, physically, and mentally, that the greatest amount of wealth may be created and knowledge attained….” (Fielding, 2009, 135). Another essential resistance to liberalism was showcased by the ideology of classical conservatism. The beliefs of

Throughout the course of history, social hierarchies have existed across the globe, spanning from prince to pauper or business tycoon to lowly scrivener. Authors, in turn, have written works regarding social class, often examining the negative effects of societal structure on personal growth. Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre takes place in Victorian England, in the age of industry and genesis of industrial capitalism. The novel’s protagonist, Jane, first lives a life of neglect, then a life in poverty, and eventually finds her happy ending. Through Jane’s personal experiences and interactions with fellow characters, Brontë analyzes the effects of social class. Professor Chris Vanden Bossche’s article analysis “What Did ‘Jane Eyre’ Do? Ideology, Agency, Class and the Novel” examines social inclusion and monetary pressures placed on the central characters during this pivotal era of English history. Through the Marxist lens, Jane Eyre can be understood in terms of complexity and character motives. Vanden Bossche effectively argues that external forces, like money and people, both motivate and repress Jane into choosing her own path. Thus, a more developed explanation is made for Jane’s various behaviors regarding social inclusion and societal rebellion.

The economic conditions was a major part in gaining support in chartism. Chartist reached out to the working class people who were struggling within society. The poor law and tax increases was making it harder for the working class people to survive, this lead to poverty and people entering the workhouse. Another factor was the poor working conditions and low wages that were causing ill heath. Evidence within the article to support how chartist gained support is “with this nation suffering its liberty and rights to be remorselessly trampled upon by murderous factions, jobbers and commercial blood sucking vampires” This is a sticking statement of how the middle class employers were seen as a higher class of people, who were exploiting the working class. Another point to make it that chartist struggled to gain support in agricultural places and that most of the support came form industrial cities were the population was higher. A reference to this is seen in a

Chartism’s longevity and spread across the industrial areas of the United Kingdom is thought to have been due to its appeal to all working class people. Events and opportunities for social interaction were provided enabling members to meet together and feel as if they were actively participating in the movement. In the extract there are very few references, compared to the other themes, to the inclusive cultural community and all refer to men. “Men, brethren of the human race” (Para1Line 1) and “Honourable gentlemen ...the working class only” (Para 3 Line1). While inclusivity was important in keeping the organisation popular it would seem from the limited references that this was not the main focus for the speaker.

Originally from Brookline, Massachusetts, and based in Brooklyn, New York, Mary Halvorson, a skillful guitarist, unpredictable improviser, gifted composer, and unavoidable figure of the avant-jazz current generation, has been very active in New York since 2002.

The campaign for democratic reform began around the Battle of Waterloo and fluctuated alongside economic pressure. In 1838, the democratic reform was reborn as ‘Chartism’. Chartism became a national political movement, a group of people working together to achieve a political goal, and was one explanation for the support of Chartism. The creation of the ‘People’s Charter’ (1838), incorporated the principles of Cartwright, proposing all that the poor and working class desperately needed. Chartism gave the people a voice and with that voice, gave the solutions they sought. One answer to people’s woes was addressed by the speaker of the extract, which was, “a fair day’s wage for a fair day’s work”. FLOW The motion favoured at this meeting was Universal male suffrage – i.e. all adult males over 21, of ‘sound mind’...not undergoing punishment for crime, should have the vote...’. QUOTE ASS BOOKLET Although this was a radical step, they omitted to go above the hierarchical nature of British society at the time and include the vote for women. Women, ‘seldom spoke on public platforms’ (Thompson, 1984, pp 120-1, RB, pg 39), however, Lovett, amongst other Chartists, were in agreement that women should have the vote.

The general feel of the working class was expressed in the chartist newspaper the morning chronicle 'we require justice before charity'. (Morning Chronicle may 3rd 1842). This was taken from a banner in the crowd of supporters. The speaker in the extract reflects the sentiment of the banner and the feeling of the crowd at the rally. This shows how political motivations were a major factor in the growth of Chartism and how the chartists used public feeling to garner support.

“There is nothing in the universe that I fear, but that I shall not know all my duty, or shall fail to do it.” This was a famous quote that was said by Mary Mason Lyon. Mary Lyon has been, and is still to this day, a very important person in the history of women empowerment. Born on February 28, 1797 in Buckland, Massachusetts by Aaron and Jemima Lyon, Mary Lyon was not aware of the life that she was to have as she got older and what fame that would come. As Mary Mason Lyon began to get older, she attended school for a short while until she reached the age of 13. Soon after, at the age of just Seventeen, she got an offer to teach and had accepted. A while after she began teaching and educating other people, she then realised that she wanted to continue an education of her own causing her to go back to school and attend college at Sanderson Academy. As she grew in age good things and opportunities continued to come her way. Mary Mason Lyon soon because the creator and founder of the very first women's college.

Today I hope to convince most people here to recognise the possibility of The Chartists being more impactful to the UK democracy of today than the Suffragist movement.

Chartism was all-embracing of the working classes; six working men were deliberated included on the committee that discussed the People’s Charter. The speaker addresses this group several times with ‘Working men’ (L.1), ‘Honourable gentlemen, I mean by this name the working class only’ (L.17), and ‘the labouring class, are regarded as a cipher in importance’ (L.22-L.23). Ellen Yeo, secondary source 3, states the working classes were quite capable of creating their own politics just as they were proficient manufacturers in the economy. Chartism’s ideal of giving power to the people already occurred within the movement as it gave people a political voice, the National Petition’s allowed people whose opinion was rarely consulted by Parliament to put down their signature with a feeling of power and pride.

Its influence is seemingly immeasurable, as it was merely the first of many amendments made to the electoral system and to the treatment of society’s less fortunate. Following on its heels were more general and effective measures such as the abolition of slavery in 1833, the inclusion of state education, and the 185 Municipal Corporations Act (Roy Strong, 393). Further in the future came greater electoral change such as universal suffrage for men and eventually women in 1918, pay for Members of Parliament in 1911, and the rise of the Chartist Movement. Beyond this, it was a demonstration that Britain could solve a huge and complex problem like electoral reform without significant bloodshed like that which had taken place during the French Revolution of

 Chartism was the name of a variety of protest movements in England during the 1830s and 40s, which aimed to bring about change  in social and economic conditions through political reform. Its name comes from the People’s Charter, a six-point petition presented to the House of Commons with the hope of having it made law. The six point included annual parliaments, universal manhood suffrage, abolition of the property qualification for members of the House of Commons, the secret ballot, equal electoral districts, and salaries for members of Parliament.

In the previous paragraph, Realistic Characters are described with quotations and some sayings in terms of gap between classes. In this paragraph, characters are argued in terms of politics, how Elizabeth Gaskell illustrates political issues of that time by using realistic characters. In the Victorian era, Workers began to show their reaction towards to their conditions and they made some step like chartist petitions. Petitions are displayed to the parliament from 1838 to 1951. All of them were refused. Because of these refusals, there are some violent events (Wikipedia). In Chris Vanden Bossche’s article, he speaks about their similarities between reflections of political actions. According to him, while in novel, Trades unions try to resist low wages, in reality workers tries to resist. (Bossche,7) Gaskell reflects reality just one different but their actions is same As a result of these events’ natural consequence, Elizabeth Gaskell reflects political issues of that time in her novel. In novel, John Barton is an active union member. He is chosen for impress their demand in order to make better their conditions. He and his union petition their demand but Parliament refused them. We can see one of the political issues, chartist petition in a quote which is given below.

The realist novel also attempts to include the reader in the action and make him sympathise with the characters. For instance and as we have already mentioned, in Mary Barton we find a very active narrator, characterized by the recurrent use of the first person both singular and plural or the addresses to the reader, known as the Conative function of language (“What that will might have been able to achieve had her father been against her, I cannot tell” (26), “And when I hear, as I have heard” (96-7), “But remember! we only miss those who do men's work in their humble sphere; the aged, the feeble, the children, when they die, are hardly noted by the world” (130)). Furthermore, with her narration Gaskell makes clear that she wants the reader