Elk Rapids Cinema Revisis A World Before Vaccines Analysis

Heather Green Wooten’s The Polio Years in Texas: Battling a Terrifying Unknown chronicles the history of polio in Texas in a very extensive timeline. The book goes all the way back to the beginning of the polio epidemic and essentially progresses to the present. The time in this book certainly exceeds that of, The Captured and Isaac’s Storm. The Captured chronicled a long period of captivity, but did not appear to exceed a decade. Isaac’s Storm traced the initial development of Weather Bureau and covered a great period, but did not exceed that of The Polio Years. Several themes begin to emerge further into the book. Obvious themes included, the support for March of Dimes, impact on families affected by polio, the growth and development of rehabilitation facilities, and more importantly the response to the disease by Texans. Oddly, Wooten discusses the fact that other diseases such as, measles, diphtheria, and tuberculosis took more lives than Polio. However, people feared Polio more than the rest. Wooten attributes polio’s terrifying affect to the uncertainty. Several uncertainties such as, how to prevent it, why did some become crippled, why did some die, and why did it only essentially affected children made polio very terrifying in the 20th century. Texas appeared to have been hit the hardest in comparison to other states. Wooten’s research examined the time during and then after World War II. During this period, Texas saw an immense amount of polio contractions. Per

Poliomyelitis (polio) is a disease that attacks the nervous tissue in the spinal cord and the brain stem resulting in paralysis (Document One). Polio is caused by the poliovirus, but it is unknown how this virus is acquired. The virus enters the digestive tract and stays in the intestines for up to eight weeks, and then attacks the lymphatic system, the blood stream and eventually travels to the brain and spine (Document Four). Once it is infected in one’s body, the disease is highly contagious and can be spread through contact of saliva, food, germs, or feces (Document Two). “The poliovirus causes most of its infections in the summer and fall. At one time, summer epidemics of polio were common and greatly feared” (Document Four). This may

First and foremost, I thoroughly enjoyed Guerrini's "Polio and Primates" and found it to be both informative and engaging. I did not realize prior to the reading that the path to the polio vaccine was a rushed and flawed one. I wonder how much the misinformation spread across the scientific and non-scientific communities alike as a result of Flexner's research truly "delayed the understanding of polio's complex clinic and epidemiological features" (p. 119). The reading also left me curious as to how the trajectory of polio research would have changed if President Roosevelt had never contracted it during his presidency, since his prominence ultimately led research on the virus to become a national priority. The subsequent public pressure to develop a vaccine further rushed its development with the promise to

Noreen Robertson is like any normal kid who loves to play. She loves riding her bike and she also loves swimming. Her mom does not allow Noreen and her older brother Edmund to go swimming in the city pool. One day Noreen’s best friend Bessie convinces Noreen and Edmund to go to the swimming pool with her. They did this a few times. Then one night, Noreen’s leg hurt a lot and her parents rushed her to the hospital. She had Polio. Polio, which is short for poliomyelitis, is a disease that can cause temporary or permanent paralysis. At certain stages of polio, it is contagious. Noreen was paralyzed from the hips down. After going to Regina for further treatment, Noreen had a long but successful recovery.

Franklin D. Roosevelt suffered from polio while he served as the President of the United States. Polio is a virus that causes paralysis, and can even lead to death. Before the polio vaccination was introduced in 1955, the virus had claimed thousands of victims over the years. (“Polio”). Today, vaccinations are available to the public in order to keep viruses like polio from causing an epidemic. A vaccination is the injection of a weakened disease or virus, in order for your body to build up immunity against a certain illness (Davidson). Vaccinations have become a controversial subject because of the side effects, the ingredients used and the idea of protecting the herd.

According to History of Polio Vaccine written by Anda Baicus the polio epidemic, in the United States, started in the summer of 1916, and by the 1950s the lives of many Americans had been effected. The polio virus mostly affected the lives of children and infants, making it even more disheartening. The disease was spread by contaminated water and when people are in contact with feces. Polio was spread through family members, friends, school mates, and even total strangers, making the epidemic even worse (Baicus). Polio was a disease that nobody wanted to come in contact

Polio or poliomyelitis was one of the most frightening diseases to parents and their children in the early 20th century. Polio has since been researched and eradicated in many countries but still continues to be a problem in others.

When hygienic conditions were poor polio attacked infants. The disease was spread by contaminated water and contact with fecal contamination. Many infants died when the conditions were poor. But as conditions improved the virus spread differently. It was spread more through playmates and family members, the contamination came from the

From the late Egyptian era to the early 1900’s, humans were perplexed about why people were suddenly getting paralyzed without warning. It wasn’t until research skills and technology accessibility improved that scientists were able to grasp the idea that it was all caused by the Poliomyelitis virus. Polio began ravaging through the world in the twentieth century, crippling children, and, even after the discovery of numerous vaccines, is still relentless enough that it infects children today.

One of the worst polio epidemics to hit the United States was in 1916 in the heart of New York City. It infected 9,000 just in the city and kept spreading throughout the states to infect over 27,000. It left

In 1894, there was an outbreak of polio in Vermont. In New York there were over 9,000 cases of people with polio. 2,343 of the 9,000 cases of polio people died from this disease and 1,000 children were left paralyzed. People are terrified of this disease and this disease has no label on it.

Vermont in 1894, reported 132 cases and as it begin to spread, in 1907, the State of New York had over 2,000 cases. By 1910, Minnesota had about 1,000 cases and Massachusetts had more than 800 cases. By 1916, the United States become an epicenter of the disease as it also spread around the world. Twenty-six at that time reported 27,000 cases during the polio epidemic and over 6,000 deaths (Rogers, 1997). All these incidents happened within a few decades and American begins to panic and alert about this new but old deadly

Polio is an infectious disease that has killed and paralyzed many people (Birth of Jonas Salk and the death of polio in India). It has taken the lives of

The 1952 polio epidemic became the worst outbreak, of the nearly 58,000 cases reported 3,145 died and 21,269 were left with mild to disabling paralysis. Three years later, Dr. Jonas Salk from The University of Pittsburgh, became a national hero when he developed the first safe and effective polio vaccine in 1955 with the support of the March of Dimes. In the two years before the vaccine was, widely available, the average number of polio cases was more than 45,000. By 1962, that number had dropped to 910. By 1979, the virus had been completely eliminated across the country. There is no cure for polio once a person becomes infected. Therefore, treatments include antibiotics, pain killers, ventilators to help breathing, and moderate exercise. The disease can kill and remains incurable, but vaccines have assisted in almost total eradication in the world. Polio vaccination in the United States is still recommended because of the risk of imported cases, children are recommended to receive the inactivated polio vaccine at 2 months and 4 months of age, and then twice more before entering elementary

Polio was in deed around for centuries and more-so prior to the epidemic however, back in the 1800’s polio was a uncommon thing, or because there were very cases that have very few symptoms that later went away. Some suggest that since many people lived in rural area , small town and cities and under what some would say unsanitary conditions it was because of that, it led to their polio exposure early on and reduced the likelihood of developing it and passing it to child, and if the child did develop symptoms their own body possessed the immunity needed to fight the disease. It was also believed that polio was a disease of filth and for the impoverished however, it was quickly changed to the disease of “cleanliness”. This only impacted the spread of this