Elliptical Muscle Physiology Lab Report

The purpose of this experiment was to be able to test different intensities of warm-up conditions changes in the heart rate, skin temperature, electromyogram (EMG), and the contraction of the bicep brachii. Testing three different intensity conditions to determine which warm-up is more efficient on muscle conditioning. Bicep stretches, cardio, and aerobic stretching were the three different conditions because they focused on different muscles in the body. The warm-up that is able to efficiently deliver more oxygenated blood to the muscle is the most affective. Therefore, the predictions is that aerobic stretching will enhance muscle performance of the bicep brachii. This will happen because aerobic stretching is a high intensity warm-up that increases heart rate and cardiac output.

Introduction: In this experiment, cardiovascular fitness is being determined by measuring how long it takes for the test subjects' to return to their resting heart rate. Cardiovascular fitness is the ability to "transport and use oxygen while exercising" (Dale 2015). Cardiovascular fitness utilizes the "heart, lungs, muscles, and blood working together" while exercising (Dale 2015). It is also how well your body can last during moderate to high intensity cardio for long periods of time (Waehner 2016). The hypothesis is that people who exercise for three or more days will return to their resting heart rate much faster than people who only exercise for less than three days.

Statistics uses math to determine whether or not an experiment happened by chance. In other words, it determines the probability of your results being by chance or if it is factual data. The mathematical ways of determining probably include looking at mean, standard deviation, mode, and median. This experiment will use statistics to test the probability.

The purpose of this lab was to better understand the human body by doing various activities and observing the three different muscle types. The activities were not conducted in order, but we did follow the instructions of each activity. However, there could be deviation since Vivian had allergies and I was sort of sick as well so our result may not be as accurate. By conduction the activities, we were able to analyze the different receptors in the skin and sense—for instance understanding the differences in receptors or taste and smell. Also, we were able to differentiate the three muscle types and observe the striation of the cardiac and skeletal muscle—and observe other differences in muscle types. By noticing that, for instance the tongue has different regions for different taste, we were able to infer that some taste are more important to distinguish than others. Also, by observing the different types of muscle, we were able to discuss the different functions and why the cardiac and skeletal muscle have striation. Lastly, it is important to understand the human body, not

Introduction: Exercise is a physical activity or particular movement that is used in order to become healthier and stronger. (1) Exercise, in all of its forms, has various effects on the different systems in the human body. One of the main benefits is cardiovascular health, including circulation and heart health. Exercise uses a lot of energy, which the cells derive from oxidising glucose. Meaning that the heart has to work harder to pump more blood throughout the body and the heart has to beat faster in order to achieve a high effort. (2) The heart benefits from exercise include being able to pump more blood through the body and continue working at a higher level with less strain. (3)

Szent-Gyorgyi discovered that contraction occurs in the presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and KCI. The rate of the contraction is capable of increasing by the presence of MgCI2. [1] KCI consists of salt, which is capable of causing muscles to contract in considerable dosages. The dosage given to the rabbit muscle was a fairly adequate amount, resulting in the muscle contraction of muscle strand #2 (which received treatment B). The MgCI2, also known as magnesium chloride solution, is used frequently as a ready-to-go reaction mixture to increase the reaction of experiments and lab studies.

First, before this assignment I had no idea of the levels involved in a muscle contraction. We can directly control or regulate the activity of our skeletal muscles. Striated muscle movement, produced by the interaction of filaments containing the proteins myosin and actin, is regulated by the proteins tropomyosin and troponin on the actin filaments. When an electrical signal passes down the motor nerve to a muscle it triggers a depolarization of the muscle membrane (sarcolemma). In results, triggers the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release calcium ions into the muscle interior where they bind to troponin, which causes tropomyosin to shift the actin filament to which myosin heads need to bind to produce contraction.

The workouts are meant to be intense; you need to have a good level of fitness or ensure you modify the plan to fit your needs and up the intensity as you progress.

Summary: The objective of this study was to determine how muscle strength and speed differences of rising from a chair differ from elderly and young women. The subjects examined in the study consisted of two groups, 26 healthy elderly women and 12 heathy young women. There were six trials done, three trials at normal speed and three trials at fast speed. The study involved examining the muscle strengths of the individuals and preforming the actual task of rising from a chair.

Lifting the legs with weight from the machine will work on the quadriceps as well as the calf muscles. This is performed by siting on the chair and lifting the bar of the machine up and slowly placing it down. The next exercise is step up machine. The step up machine will work on the calf muscles as well as the quadriceps muscles. This is performed on the machine and which is just a step up and step down motion. The last exercise in order to workout the legs is bicycle on the floor on on performed on a machine. The bicycle swell will workout the calf muscles and the quadriceps. On the floor this is performed lying on your back moving you legs in the air as if you were riding a bike. The machine will just be a bicycle but only moving in place. This will help with muscular endurance because it is allowing your muscles to work for longer periods of time and training them to work for a longer period of time without getting as tired that

Elliptical exercise machines gained popularity because of their ability to provide effective, comprehensive training that does not stress your joints treadmill or other exercise machines do. Elliptic gives you an efficient, fat-burning, cardio workout while toning your leg and arm muscles.

1. Why does the force begin to decrease with time? Note that a decrease in force indicates muscle fatigue.

Muscle cells rely on cellular respiration for energy. During normal physical activity the cells are supplied with oxygen to convert glucose to ATP, CO2 and water. During prolonged intense physical activity the muscles are not supplied with enough oxygen to produce ATP for energy. Therefor the muscles rely on cellular fermentation to break down glucose. This method yields less ATP and builds up lactic acid which makes muscles burn. In this lab students will use prolonged repetitions of squeezing a clothespin to analyze the effects of cellular fermentation on the muscles ability to do work.

However, the exact rate of calorie-burning will depend on a number of factors including the person’s metabolism and the intensity of their workout. Ellipticals can deliver calorie burning rates that are very similar to what people can achieve with moderate to vigorous use of a cross-country trainer or a

An advantage of machine weight exercise is that they give the ability to tone and allow a