Embodiment in the Robotic Fields

Robotics can be virtual and/or mechanical objects that we use in everyday activities. Even though robots have been around since 1960’s. In the healthcare field we have become more dependent upon them since the 1980 's. Robots have been used to assist people in varies everyday task in laboratories and operating rooms. Some examples their usage are intervention with giving medication, assisting kids with autism, transferring and lifting patients. Although robots have made some of the healthcare fields task easier there can be questions with such technology which can impact ethical policy and non-human touch.

In “Alone Together: The Robotic Movement,” Sherry Turkle explains some of the negative effects that robots are having on our lives. She also explains how they can have a negative effect on our daily lives without us even noticing. I am someone who knows a great deal about technology, however I had no idea that close human-robot interaction was happening at such an inappropriate level. There are many different examples Turkle uses in the article, however, I will only talk about two. I agree with Turkle not only that there are ethical problems with human-robot interaction but also that a lot of other forms of technology might be doing more harm than good.

Not only that, these sociable robots inadvertently change the way we view reality around. In today society what was once taboo like talking to an inanimate object is now acceptable because of new technology. Even the

One of the solutions that Pro-sthetic Printers developed is a glove functioning as a prosthetic hand with a rechargeable source located in a “watch” compartment. There will be a number pad on the top of the hand, used to control the motions of the fingers. Each joint will have a number assigned to it, as seen in Figures 1 and 2. The numbers can be pressed in specific sequences to trigger specific types of motion along the joints and grips. The grip can then be released by pressing a cancel button on the number pad. Our idea is to make a new version of the Glove One, which is a robotic glove that has the capabilities of a basic cell phone. This model will have a shape similar to the Glove One model and will also have a similar range of motion. The prosthetic shall be able to slide over the users palm, like a glove, and will have hollow finger protrusions. The hollow finger protrusions allow for the user’s remaining anatomic fingers to work together with the prosthetic fingers. Our model will have five fingers that can be programmed based on the user’s needs. There will also be a velcro strap across the palm to ensure that the prosthetic model will not slip off. The fingers of our model will have different joints so that the user can have a wide range of motion. Our prosthetic model will be able to do more complex motions than just the whole hand grasp, as seen in Figures 3,4 and 5.

Dr. Ramachandran has devised an experiment that he says has to be tested on many more patients with phantom limb syndrome before he can be certain that it will help amputees with phantom limb pain. He uses what he calls a “mirror-box”, testing this with another patient named James Peacock who lost his right hand and has severe pain in his missing hand and as though the missing hand is constantly clenching. Dr. Ramachandran explains that this patients brain is sending signals to his missing limb trying to clench it, but because the limb isn’t there is unable to send messages back to the brain letting it know that it’s clenching too much or too fast. He theorized, “That maybe the brain can be fooled by visual feedback?” So, taking a wooden box dividing it with a mirror that is facing the limb

There were people everywhere, instead of computers there were holograms, it seemed you were teleported to where you needed to go ridding of the need to rush or run. I found holographic papers and screens pushed towards me needing my signature or approval as soon as I walked in. I felt myself being pulled left and right, steering me towards a different room, a laboratory. I walked in and saw interns, technicians, and other workers waiting for me in the lab. I tried to calm my nerves and asked,” Where did we leave off?” “You were just about to finish the robotic limb device.” They must have seen the confused expression on my face because they started to explain. “It’s a device you’re creating that relates to an x-ray scanner that when put over a prosthetic limb or missing limb, the device creates a robotic version of whatever’s missing in its place without anyone noticing whether it’s real or robotic.” I nodded my head in response and before I could acknowledge what was happening my hands were moving by themselves, finishing to create the device, picking up tools and attaching wires. It seemed like minutes before the device was already finished. We brought in a veteran, who was injured in combat making him lose his arms. When the device scanned his missing arms, it created a telegraphic image moving from his shoulders to midair, seconds later the veteran had arms. The once tense room was now joyful because the

The advancements of some fields of medicine and technology can be controversial, but the progress made to prosthetic technology has made the lives of amputees easier and made them feel more like themselves again. Amputees can greatly benefit from these prosthetics no matter their situation or physical needs, meaning that the large population of amputees in the world can work towards regaining their normal life. Something many amputees pine for is the sense of feeling, especially in their hands and arms. A solution to this problem has become more clear as scientists work to reroute sensations from the prosthetic to nerves as stated in an article by Stephen Mraz, senior editor of Penton Media, “Technology Adds the Sense of Touch to Prosthetic

A scientific study shows that a person with no health issues can draw lines and circles with both hands, which brings bimanual coupling from the typical movement of both solid hands. The patients without anomalous encapsulation demonstrated no bimanual coupling, as they couldn't actuate their harmed engine programs amid the bimanual assignment. However, those with AHS and adjusted encapsulation had a coupling impact for egocentric developments, proposing that typifying the inspector's hand as their own changed the sensory.

According to Hayasaki, mirror-touch synesthesia is a condition that makes people feel others’ physical sensations. In the human brain, mirror neurons and other areas work when people watch others’ deeds and movement. It is hard to distinguish from one’s own because of the strong mental illusion. In the experiment of Banissy and Ward, mirror-touch synesthesia also happen when people feel the object,

Electrical engineers are addressing the sensation issue by creating stretchable materials embedded with a dense network of sensors made of ultrathin gold and silicon. The network of sensors are arranged in a serpentine shape that can be elongated if stretched. The sensors can detect heat, pressure and moisture. Even though there are 400 sensors per millimeter there needs to be much more advancement before the electrical engineers can match the sensation created by natural skin. Sensation mimicking is just one problem, but the bigger problem that still needs to be addressed is to create connections to the human nervous system so that the wearer of the prosthetic can truly feel what is going on. Currently, there is a big gap as to what can be conveyed to the brain.

In this arm are 100 sensors some to sense movement and others just as simple as feeling the texture of an apple. The Applied Physics Laboratory at John Hopkins has made a device that connects to your brain and "talks" to the arm. This device connects directly to your brain, and hopefully the

systems sense feeling because it has electrical sensors in the prosthetic limb to detect the

Akin to the concept of body language, The Authored Object proposes to utilize technological advancements in engineering to make an architecture with the ability to physically alter its volume and orientation to provoke a new behavioural complexity. Such that

Haptics was introduced in the twentieth century in the field of experimental psychology. Its main objective was the understanding and manipulation of the sense of touch. Psychophysical experiments were conducted to assist in the understanding of contact between human and machine. For example, advanced studies showed that the tactile qualities of environmental structures are much more complex than visual. Robotic systems meant an important step to unravel the puzzles on the sense of touch, such as teleoperation and telepresence. These two were the main precursors for the revolution in the study of haptics [2].

This paper describes a brain controlled robotic leg which is designed to perform the normal operations of a human leg. After implanting this leg in a human, the leg can be controlled with the help of user’s brain signals alone. This leg behaves similar to a normal human leg and it can perform operation like walking, running, climbing stairs etc. The entire system is controlled with the help of advanced microcontrollers and digital signal processors. The signals are taken out from the human brain with the help of electroencephalography technique. The person can perform operations like walking, running etc just by their thought. This system will be very much suitable for those who lost their