Emergence of Environmental Movements in India

During the late 1960s, the environmental movement focused mostly on public health and industrial themes. During this time of initial modern development, it received little attention from the champions of the social movements of the times such as civil rights and women’s equality. Most of the emphasis on environmental matters in these early years came from environmentally driven sociologists such as Paul Goodman, Murray Boochkin, and Herbert Marcuse. Many were exhilarated to become the heads of ecologically based institutions that would fight against government and corporation ecological mistreatments. Often times they would research and issue articles that pointed out abuses that directly affected the common household such as Boochkin’s “The Problems of Chemicals in Foods.” This type of research pointed out new types of environmental issues that either did not exist or did not matter before World War II and just now became identified. These types of papers had a message that reached everybody not just select individuals like many of the previous issues such as water management, and land

Rachel Carson is considered one of America's finest science and nature writers. She is best known for her 1962 book, Silent Spring, which is often credited with beginning the environmental movement in the United States. The book focussed on the uncontrolled and often indiscriminate use of pesticides, especially dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (commonly known as DDT), and the irreparable environmental damage caused by these chemicals. The public outcry Carson generated by the book motivated the U.S. Senate to form a committee to

He suggests that all the small parts that make up the movement can come together to harbor transformative change, relating it as a homeostatic mechanism of the Earth as an organism. Hawken makes explains the comparison perfectly, relating the movement as the works of the world’s immune system. He also defines the movements primary aspects, being “environmental activism, social justice initiatives, and indigenous culture’s resistance to globalization” (12).Hawken supports this with the history of Rachel Carson and other significant environmentalists who were able to initiate change. If the efforts of a single person had held such efficacy in the past, Hawken claims a tremendous capability in the combined efforts of the world’s people. With reminders to Carson’s “Silent Spring” and its effects on chemical companies, he displays how much potential environmentalists would have if they were to all come

Throughout the years many historians have compilated and examined why Indian people were so desperate to gain back their independence from the British Empire during their rule over India, from 1612 to 1947. The reasoning can most definitely be found as the British discriminated against Indian people as they believe that they were inferior; it is no surprise that Indian people fought so hard for their independence. Throughout the British Raj, they placed and put forward unbelievably racist acts and laws which discriminated against Indian people. Which of course led to Indians to rebel against the British rule and which the British reacted with causing massacres. Explaining the nationalistic many India’s felt during the British Raj.

The Environmental Justice Movement started when a group of minorities started to notice that their environmental protection was been violated. It was violated by hazards facilities that were been place in their communities. The groups of minorities consist of African-Americans, and Latinos. The environmental justice movement came up with the fact that people who live, work and play in America’s most polluted environment are most likely to be people of color and the low income. As the Natural Resources Defense Council mentioned, “The statistics provide clear evidence of what the movement rightly calls “environmental racism.” The communities of color and Latinos of low-income have been battling this environment injustice for decades. The Environmental

In 1962, Rachel Carson published Silent Spring and was greeted with a roar of protest and approval. After years and years of controversy and skepticism surrounding its argument, Silent Spring was and still is recognized as a perceptive warning of things in progress and things to come. The book set the stage for the first real and effectual environmental movement.

In the book Silent Spring, Rachel Carson’s main concern is the widespread use of synthetic pesticides and their impact on the environment. Carson concentrates on a commonly used pesticide in the 1950s called DDT. She opposes the indiscriminate spraying of DDT because it has profound consequences on the environment, humans and animals. Carson collected information about how the DDT can cause cancer in humans, harm animals such as birds and remained in the environment for long periods of time. Subsequently, the chemicals in the pesticides are extremely harmful so she tries to raise awareness and convince others that there are better alternatives.

Nowadays, environmental issues have become the concern of many scholars, both from social and exact sciences. Because the environmental issue itself affect not only the Mother Nature but also human as the social creature that lives within the earth. In the globalization era, there appear many environmental issues, such as the water scarcity, natural disaster, the rising of sea level, and the climate change itself. As we all know that to counter these environmental issues, we can do several actions, such as protecting the

Guha describes that environmental movements in the poor countries of South America developed quite differently from those in the rich nations of North America and Western Europe. Southern movements began as a challenge to the "postmaterialist values" of the North, according to which the backward South was incapable of developing any serious environmental movement until it became fully developed like the North. On the contrary, Guha then descirbes the environmentalism of the poor South is steps ahead of the North. This is because the southern environmental movements simultaneously demand social justice. This relationship is divorced in the environmental movements of the developed North. Guha sites the examples of radical environmental movements

One of the major problems that the indigenous peoples of Southeast Asia face is the loss of their land and subsequent discrimination. These native people lose their land due to the fact that most of them live in forests, riversides and mountains as well as other areas known to be rich in natural resources. As a result these people are often targeted by governments and multinational companies; often they show an utter lack of respect for the natives of the area and seek nothing more than capital gain. As towns expand some of

In the academia and policy talks, the ecological crisis has turned into a well-established topic (Yearley, 1992). The rise of environmental politics in the 1960s was mainly driven by environmental movements and a resurgent global civil society. Jamison (1996), notedthat the movement focussed on creating awareness throughout the 1960s. For instance, the publication of Silent Spring by Rachel Carlson (1962), Paul Ehrlich’s The Population Bomb (1968) and Garrett Hardin’s Tragedy of the Commons (1968) focused public attention to the issue, and made the idea of ecological limits popular. This period also saw the creation of environmentalNon-government Organizations ( NGOs) focusing on the protection of the environment such the Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF) and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). In the 1970s, the environmental movement became a political concern and entered the phase of organisation and institutionalisation (Jamison, 1996). For example, one of the 130 outcomes is the implementation of the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) after the Stockholm conference, and the establishment of the transnational environmental group Greenpeace. There was also a growth of alternative holistic visions of the nature-society relationship, likeGoldsmith’s Blueprint for survival (1972). This was underpinned by the rising recognition of the Limits to Growth (Meadows et al., 1972). The environmental movement

Liberal and democratic aspects of British colonialism in India played a significant role in leading to a democratic South Asia following Indian independence in 1947. Yet, the British -- first through the East India Company and then through direct government control -- held almost all of the political and economic power in India during the Empire’s expansion and apogee, guaranteeing the Indian economy could not evolve and/or function independent of the ruling power’s control; ensuring raw materials extracted from Indian soil would go towards British manufacturing industries mostly without profiting the vast majority of Indians; and leading to lives of privation for millions of indigenous subjects. Although there have been arguments made that, in political and

This book “In The Belly of The River” is written by Amita Baviskar in her field research. It is a book of struggle over exploitation. It is a struggle of Bhilala tribe conflicts in Narmada Valley in Madhya Pradesh of Jhabua district in Alirajpur tehsil in Anjanbara . In Narmada Valley sardar sarovar dam project construction started in 1961 for irrigation, drinking water and power generation. 18% of the total cost of dam is given by World Bank. According to government estimates due to this project 245 village 37,000 hectare of land, 152000 people or 27000 families displaced. This book is mainly talking about environmental movement against displacement and better rehabilitation process.

In the past, environmental groups utilized alternative communication like direct mail, newsletters, magazine and newspaper articles, books, as well as colorful images of nature and wildlife displayed in coffee table books, calendars and posters (see Ch. 3 & 4). Environmental activism now extends to video, animation, infographics, the web, mobile devices and content shared on social media (see Ch. 6 & 7). There is concern the majority of content caters to interested audiences. In my view, for the world to fundamentally change empowerment must come not only from those at the fringe willing to take a chance, more from the mainstream must participate in the fight to preserve the world for the future. This book has shown, photographers, activists and individuals are slowly making a difference. More communication needs to be localized and context specific. Those knowledgeable need to work with others at the local level. Learn the community’s perceptions and attitude toward the specific topic. Then, work with stakeholders in the community to construct an appropriate message for the particular audience so that it is relevant to them. Get people involved with others in the local community like agencies or groups actively doing something, and reach out to others that may not be aware of the issue. Make communication personal such as a connection to a specific location or place and that it is clear why the issue is important for them. For example, show/explain how poor air quality

The link between people and their material environment, thus political ecology make people aggressive when they are being displaced of their land. This has led to recent increase in land disputes. There is the mentality that, if someone does not own a land, he/ she does value or take proper care of it and is tempted to manage it badly or even use inappropriate technology on it. Also the shifting dialect between society and land based resource give a reason to detect and understand and respond to to environmental problems. There is the need to harmonise contemporary cultural, political and economic systems in other to ensure ecological sustainability. Land space allocated to small scale farmers should be well demarcated so that the political boundaries would be clear. This would foster understanding of contemporary agrarian issues. (Paulson, Susan, and Lisa L. Gezon, 2005)