Emergency Response Plan

Local protective measure planning equips first responders with the knowledge needed to organize efficient response results in the event of an emergency. Structured open dialogue between local emergency jurisdictions enables responders to delegate the appropriate individuals and equipment resources to the impacted local areas requiring the most aid following a terror event. By establishing a streamlined communication framework, local emergency responders can collaborate their efforts and resources to promote collective well-being. When a local emergency plan specifies what responders and resources belong where and at what time, response overlap and shortages can be avoided. Unionized response action established prior to a terrorist incident, serves to mitigate the risks, hazards and threat of injury or harm the people and property of the US face when a terrorism event occurs. Furthermore, a structured local emergency operations plan for a hazardous materials incident involving a terrorist is imperative to public health and safety, as the blueprint outlines protective measures the public can follow to minimize their exposure to dangerous substances. The people of a community affected by a terror event can be warned and notified of the event’s associated dangerous materials, which threaten their well-being, through a variety of methods such as warning sirens or horns, emergency alert systems, automated

Ensuring Resilience to Disasters has more tasking’s than another mission and involves many different agencies to accomplish those tasks. The four tasks are to mitigate hazards, enhance preparedness, ensure effective emergency response, and rapidly recover. The main agency that is responsible for these tasking’s is FEMA. FEMA’s mission is to “reduce the loss of life and property and protect communities nationwide from all hazards, including natural disasters, acts of terrorism, and other man-made disasters” (FEMA, 2017, p.2). FEMA works with federal and State services to assist them in accomplishing their goals. They also assist local services by assisting in setting up emergency management agencies (LEMA) and set guidance for Emergency Operations Planning (EOP). EOP’s are “plans that provide an overview of the jurisdiction’s preparedness and response strategies. It describes expected hazards, outlines agency roles and responsibilities, and explains how the jurisdiction keeps the plan current.” (FEMA, 2010,

Disaster relief operations are complex systems having more to them than just a response mechanism. They require a significant amount of pre-planning.

National Response Plan Howard L. Hayes Saint Leo University Abstract Why is it necessary for our country to have an effective emergency plan in place? Why does it matter how the country responds to emergencies when every part of our country, including cities and states, face emergency situations on a daily basis all over? Some are bad to worse, and some horrific to deadly. Well, this paper explains the importance of the National Response Plan and why it is necessary for our country to have it in place. It explores several articles that have been published to show the results on the effectiveness and response of the National Response Plan. The National Response Framework, previously called The National Response Plan, is a plan that the United States put in effect to organize the way the country and the community handles attacks, disasters, as well as all events looked at as an emergency. The Response Plan relays and describes all the information in order to avoid catastrophic damages and to protect and save lives. The plan focuses on how the country as a whole can work together to prepare for damaging events. Morover, the plan doesn 't always seem to be effective as it is expected to be. Issues arose at the time it is most needed, which causes necessary changes to take effect immediately. Sometimes the damage is already done and that could be due to economic collapse, being unprepared, and failure to respond appropriately. The National Response Framework replaced the National

While we do not have historical record of all of the natural hazards that have impacted the United States, we do know that for multitudes of years, the United States has been hit by many natural hazards – hurricane, tornado, drought, wildfire, flood and earthquake, to name a few. As each of these natural hazards occur, multiple issues arise – relative to the core components of emergency management: mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. Yet, even with prior knowledge from years past and the destructive events that have occurred, we as a nation continue to struggle with natural hazards that more often than not become natural disasters. For too long it seems as if we have settled in to a rhythm of responding, attempting to recover, rebuilding and then repeating the cycle as another natural hazard strikes.

When several individuals and entities are involved in the management of a major event such as this, a need of a good collaboration is required; otherwise a failure will likely end the processes. The Maricopa County severe storms and flooding of September 2014 necessitated strong collaboration and coordination among the public health, the public safety, the municipal officials, and the emergency managers during the preparedness, the response, and the recovery. The major strengths of the collaboration acts were the ones that led to effective operations. The frame work under which roles and

Selective application of the framework’s structures and procedures is also possible to account for differing factors in incidents and the resources available. Partnerships between government agencies at the local and federal level, private sector entities, communities and individuals become of the utmost importance in this design. They all play a key part, with each entity’s roles and responsibilities supplementing the group effort in realizing the mission. This system also allows for the development of a unified command. With the integration of all levels of the community, maintaining coordination and cohesion is also necessary. One command would permit for concentrated effort and proper allocation of skills and resources towards the common goal (National Response Framework Second Edition,

The Engaged Partnership refers to the leaders at all levels, the whole community/international partners, work together to develop response collective goals and aligned capabilities. Tiered Response is where the incidents are handled at the lowest jurisdiction/levels (such as local authorities), supported by any additional – higher entities when necessary or needed. The third principle covers the Scalable, Flexible, and Adaptable Operational Capabilities that are implemented as incidents change and evolve so that the responders are able to rapidly meet the challenges/changes to any situation. “National response protocols are structured to provide tiered levels of support when additional resources or capabilities are needed”. (NRF 2013, 6). The Unity of Effort through a Unified Command is the state of coordinating efforts among multiple organizations, which reduces duplication of effort and helps achieve the common objective. The Incident Command System (ICS) is a vital element in ensuring interoperability across ‘multi-jurisdictional or multi-agency’ incident management/leaders. The fifth and final key principle is Readiness to Act which is just that; individuals, local, state, and federal authorities being prepared to act upon and react to any type of disaster situation. An effective response is a balancing act of the understanding of the risks and hazards that the responders may encounter and the ability to act decisively. These principles mirror

This information will be used to establish priorities and develop an incident action plan. Resources and capabilities are employed based on the size, scope, nature and complexity of the incident. Should the disaster exceed the local governments, they would request assistance through mutual aid and assistance agreements, the State, or the Federal Government. Mutual aid agreements establish the roles and responsibilities of both parties, the procedures for requesting assistance and communication protocols.

•How we as a Nation organize to implement response actions; for example, a Joint Field Office with State and Federal personnel in direct support to local responders (FEMA,

Tampa Bay, Florida is ranked in the top 20s of one of the highest populated, metro population destinations in the United States (Tampa Bay Business Journal Staff Member, 2011). In fact, in the year 2011, there were more than 2,823,938 documented residents residing in the Tampa Bay area as well as 87.3 million tourists visiting Tampa Bay and its surrounding areas in the same year (Tampa Bay Business Journal Staff Member, 2011, & State of Florida.com, n.d.). As a result, the city of Tamp Bay, Florida puts great stress on its Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan, or better known as CEMP. To better elaborate, the city of Tampa Bay incorporates approximately 170 square miles, with land‐surface elevations ranging from sea‐level along the coast to approximately 55 feet above sea level (City of Tampa | Office of Emergency Management, n.d.). Therefore, the city of Tampa Bay, Florida developed its CEMP to help prevent or lower

I am in the military so I would have to say that not only do we operate in a constant emergency response plan, I believe it is a very effective response plan. While the legality in my situation may differ slightly from a civilian counterpart, I argue, it’s not as different as one may think. Sure, we operate under a separate legal system called the United States Code of Military Justice (UCMJ). In reality, the UCMJ does not differ much from regular United States Code. Furthermore, according to Jones, S. (2013), “the UCMJ ensures that service members have more protections than civilians in many ways, including rights of advisement and the pretrial investigation process”. So any argument of “you’re in the military so you have to do whatever they tell you anyway” can be thrown out for the rest of this article.

In Phase 1, "Sort out Resources," the college is taught to make the beginning stride of distinguishing stakeholders from inside both the college and the encompassing group, and to stock the assets that are accessible to the planners. A warning panel is made out of these deliberations, after all proper gatherings have been distinguished and welcomed to join. FEMA prompts that, "Planning associations exist at numerous levels of the college, and it is vital to distinguish the greater part of the different planning panels that may impart an investment or have ward in the zone of danger relief before the planning methodology gets too far." Clearly, just by having a delegate from each of these levels and parts can a council guarantee that they

Resources and responsibility were out of alignment. (Donahue, Zeckhauser, 2011) .In order to avoid another failed response to disasters, as was done in Hurricane Katrina, emergency management networks needs to learn to communicate with each organization within the response framework and to better their understanding that collaboration will produce benefits. Responsiveness and collaboration can be easily confused. Confusion can help stimulate the desire for hierarchal control and disasters will produce responsiveness. Responsiveness to be effective will not occur without collaboration. (Koliba, et al,

Scholarly assessments of our nation’s capability to effectively respond to hazards suggest a paradigm shift is needed regarding the future direction of research, policy and tactics for preparing and responding to natural and human-made hazards. This paper will provide a historical overview of our nation’s emergency preparedness and response posture, examine the need to reformulate the existing hazards paradigm into a broader resiliency framework, and suggest roles and responsibilities characteristic of government and community stakeholders in the context of this broadened approach. Mechanisms needed to achieve a successful implementation of this improved strategy will also be examined.