Emergent Properties Of Water Contribute To Earth's Suitability For Life

There are four basic components for thermal energy (heat): 1. All matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms. These can only be seen with special microscopes. 2. The atoms are always moving – they all have kinetic energy. 3. The particles have space between them. Different states of matter have different amounts of space. 4. Adding heat (energy) to matter makes the particles move more quickly. Since faster moving things have more kinetic energy, adding heat increases the energy of the particle. 5. Cooling it down decreases the amount of kinetic energy and slows the movement down.

Water has a high specific heat capacity compared with other liquids. This means that a large increase in energy results in a comparatively small rise in the temperature of the water. This is because much of the heat absorbed is used to break the hydrogen bonds that hold the molecules together. Water is good at maintaining its temperature at a steady level, irrespective of fluctuations in the temperature of the surrounding environment. This is important because the range of temperatures in which

The group first noticed that from 0-2 minutes and from 2-4 minutes, the water’s temperature decreased a lot. After four minutes, the temperature started to decrease at a steady pace. Within the first four minutes, the water temperature decreased from 100℉ to 80℉. Also, the group notice that the temperature of the boiling water with saran wrap decreased faster and dropped more than all of the other groups. This shows that saran wrap is not a good insulator because the temperature dropped so much in a short period of

The Heat Capacity of a substance is the amount of heat energy it must consume in order to raise its temperature by 1 Kelvin or 1° Celsius. The heat capacity of 1 mol of a pure substance is known as its molar heat capacity, which

Heat energy (or just heat) is a form of energy which transfers among particles in a substance (or system) by means of kinetic energy of those particles. Heat energy can be transferred by four different methods such as conduction, radiation, convection, and latent heat transfer. In conduction, the heat spreads through a substance when faster atoms and molecules collide with neighboring slower ones and it transfers some of their kinetic energy to them. A great example of conduction is when you can warm your back muscles with a heating pad. Radiation is the process where heat emanates from an object that

This whole process of measuring the heat of a chemical reaction is called Calorimetry. It

Water has a high specific heat that keeps the temperature relatively constant. The specific heat of a substance is the amount of heat it takes to raise or lower the temperature of one gram by one calorie. Compared to other substances water has a relatively high specific heat and changes its temperature less frequently. Water molecules are polar, the electrons shared in the covalent bonds are not distributed equally throughout the molecule resulting in the oxygen region of the molecule having a slightly negative charge while the hydrogen regions of the molecule have a slight positive charge because of it’s polarity water is able to form hydrogen bonds. The reason for water’s high specific heat is these hydrogen bonds. Water makes and breaks hydrogen bonds quickly and constantly. To break the hydrogen bonds heat must be absorbed and so much of the calorie will go into breaking the hydrogen bonds rather than changing the temperature of the water. The high specific heat of water keeps temperature stable because while heat is needed to break hydrogen bonds, heat is released when forming hydrogen bonds, so while heat is being absorbed from the atmosphere it is also being released into the atmosphere in relatively the same concentration keeping the temperature stable. The high specific heat of water

In day-to-day life it is very common to experience phenomenon’s involving heat or heat transfer. For instance, hand warmers used to warm fingers while skiing and ice packs used to reduce swelling of an injury, involve heat exchange. What is responsible for this heat exchange? Looking at thermochemistry may give an explanation. Thermochemistry is a branch of chemistry focusing on heat. Specifically, it studies heat released or absorbed in a chemical reaction. 1 Reactions releasing heat are referred to as exothermic, while reactions absorbing heat are endothermic. 2

Heat is transferred from one object (system) to another until the two objects (systems) are at the same temperature.

An increase in internal energy is required to convert a solid to a liquid,. Conversely, a reduction in internal energy can cause liquids to freeze or solidify. When heat is added to a solid or a liquid, the temperature of the sample does not necessarily rise. During a phase change, heat is added to the sample without an increase in temperature. Heat absorbed or released as the result of a phase change is called latent heat. There is no temperature change during a phase change, thus there is no change in the kinetic energy of the particles in the material. Latent heat is an intensive

Imagine that you are a solid. You're a cube of ice sitting on a counter. You dream of becoming liquid water. You need some energy. Heat is probably the easiest energy you can use to change your physical state. The atoms in a liquid have more energy than the atoms in a solid.

Water has importance inside cells and externally. This may be because it has interesting chemical and physical properties; it can be found naturally in all three of its states. However its molecules are bonded together by hydrogen bonds, this raises its melting and boiling points, i.e. its boiling point would be -120¢ªC rather than 100¢ªC. Also because it contains slightly negatively charged oxygen atoms and slightly positively charged hydrogen atoms making it polar.

Water is a substance that is composed of the chemical elements hydrogen and oxygen. A molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms, each linked by a single covalent bond to an oxygen atom. However, only two of the six outer-shell electrons of oxygen are used for this purpose, leaving four electrons which are organized into two non-bonding pairs. These pairs surrounding the oxygen have a partially negative charge mainly through electrostatic attraction increasing its electronegativity, which tend to arrange themselves as far from each other as possible in order to minimize repulsions. In turn, makes the hydrogen atoms to have a partially positive charge, and therefore making the two non-bonding pairs remain closer to the oxygen atom, which exert a stronger repulsion against the two covalent bonding pairs, effectively pushing the two hydrogen atoms closer together. This electronic structure of water makes it possible for the molecule to bend on a special way, shown through the figure:

This is because when heat is added to a system whilst changing state there is no change in temperature.

Calorie: the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water through 1 °C (about 4.1868 joules)