The main idea of this paper is to discuss the sexual and reproductive health of Latin American immigrants in Madrid, briefly approaching three different questions: do they believe that there are differences about sexual and reproductive health issues between what they lived in their countries and Spain?; are they having different behaviors in Spain than in their origin countries and, if so, which ones?; and finally, what do they perceived about sexual health services and access in Spain?
Regular Latin American immigrant's sexuality in Europe has been rarely addressed by researchers. Even the known importance of irregular migration sexuality studies, because of the risks and vulnerability to which migrants are exposed, we should ask
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The Ecological Theory is not being probed in this research; it is limited to be an organizing tool. The interview guide that we use tried to include all the systems in the theory (macro, micro, meso, exo, and crhono5), and their probable relations through different issues, which will correspond to one or more systems. However, even the theory would not define the study, it contributes to the design.
Grounded theory interprets data from the reality of the individual, and it can be understand under the social construction of reality, according to Berger and Luckman6. Also, it is directly related with the concept of sexuality as a social construction. Weeks3 emphasis, when talking about the social construction of sexuality, that "sexuality is not a given fact, it is a product of negotiation, struggle, and human actions"(pp 30).
Emerging adulthood was proposed in 2000 by Jeffrey Arnett,2 to described the group of people aged 18 -29 years old. The theory basically includes 5 principles that can change between countries due to cultural backgrounds: instability (work, love, education); exploration of identity; Self-focus on personal goals; feeling in between (adult-adolescent); high hopes for the future, positives ideas.
It has been argued that not all young people can live this stage because not everyone in the world has the chance to decide about their
In his article, “The Invention of Sexuality”, Weeks argued that sexuality is a product of society and is shaped by
It is no secret anylonger that the ecological crisis puts mankind as a whole to an existential test which have to be solved in practice and in theory. So, by this the vast amount of literature can be explained which consequently led to the emergence of an own "genre" — the so called "ecoliterature" which herself is really dissonant and ambigious. In the meantime — besides other sources — almost all sciences take part in such kind of discussions what obviously can be traced back to the fact that the ecological crisis is such a substantial phenomena which leads therefore to numerous perceptions and different point of views.
Furthermore, I prefer to consider Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory (as cited in Santrock, 2007) in order to gain an understanding of an individual’s
Ecology today can be defined as “the study of the interrelationships between living things and their environment”. It is important to understand that when we say that ecology includes the “environment”, we are talking about everything that is external to an organism, all the biotic and abiotic. Nowadays it also attempts to understand and explain the how and why of the origins and mechanisms of interactions.
Unlike sex, the history of sexuality is dependant upon society and limited by its language in order to be defined and understood.
emphasizes that although reality is constructed by our social interactions, our perceived reality, including those of a sexual nature are not the same for everyone. It is critical that a situation is defined by the establishment of relevant identities of those involved in the interaction. It is this construction that involves
According to our course PowerPoint, Professor Franklin stated that Foucault’s discursive framework states: “the way people talk about sexuality constructs how society understands it”. Additionally, we discussed social constructionism in class and it was stated “sexuality is a product of socialization, not an innate characteristic” in which “sexuality is legitimized and given meaning by society”. Furthermore, in The Social Construction of Sexuality, Seidman proposes that “Foucault’s perspective helps to explain why many Europeans and Americans are preoccupied with their own sexuality and that of their friends, neighbors and public figures” as sex and sexuality are “basic to self identity” (33). With that being said, it is evident that society plays a role in who we are and how we chose to identify ourselves. In the YouTube series GIANTS, I understand why females were beating around the bush when trying to indirectly ask, but not
The idea of social construction, to put it simply, is that our society creates norms to categorize people. The norms created usually coincide with the time period in which they were made, however, the expectations of society change over time. For example, fifty years ago people were still being shunned for interracial relationships, however, in current times, it’s not that big of a deal. Constructing norms has had a very prosperous run in society, ideals that were created years and years ago are still being held as fact today; specifically, those regarding gender. If we use animals as a comparison, we can realize that sexuality and gender in humans is a socially constructed idea that is used to put people into categories to fit the ideals of
One theory that was discussed in class was the theory of Culture and Personality. There are many problematic assumptions within this theory. The first is the cultural homogeneity assumption. Within this assumption, there is this tendency to assume that all members of a particular group must think, act, and behave in the same way. Not only does this ignore any and all variation within a group, but also it has not been tested. The second assumption is that of continuity. This assumes that the personality of someone stays fixed throughout his or her lifetime; in other words, the person never changes. It assumes that regardless of life experiences, behaviors and personalities do not change over time. For example, if a child is introverted at the age of three, they will still be introverted when they reach their thirties. This theory is often assumed, but almost never tested. The third assumption is of timelessness, which ignores cultural change. Researchers tend to focus on how cultures are
Social constructionism highlights that human uses a critical stance toward our taken-for-granted forms of interpreting, perceiving and comprehending the world, and that human must suspect our assumptions about what the world seems to be. The categorise and classification are not absolutely associated with real divisions. Social constructionism doubts whether the categories female and male are merely representing naturally emerging different types of human (Ernest, 1998). Social constructionism appeals to question the classification and categories because human made them basing on their culture value, experience and environment.
In the book, The History of Sexuality, Michel Foucault talks about how it is that we use sex and sexuality as a way to explain who we are. One’s sexuality was thought to explain a lot about a person’s character, so much as to say sexuality ultimately defined a person’s identity and “truth” about them. This has to do with the relationship that sex has with power and knowledge. Foucault argued that he does not think there’s a truth in sexuality that is outside of power. He stated, “power is essentially what dictated its law to sex...sex is placed by power in a binary system: licit or illicit, permitted or forbidden” (Foucault 83). This idea represents the distinction between the right and the wrong, which is seen in terms of what are the permissible and prohibited forms of sexuality. Throughout history, the social environment has often influenced the scientific discourse, thus causing certain issues to shift in beliefs. The use of science as a way
Ecology is a non-fiction text written by Steve Pollock, which centres around the subject on the natural state of our earth. This book discusses and explores on the various topics of our ecosystem, what it is and the different aspects in our ecosystem such as: population, trophic level, predation, Eco-life, relationships between the living organisms, and human impact of the environment
¿Cómo es posible que el oficio más viejo del mundo sea el último que sea reconocido como trabajo? En España, la prostitución no es reconocida como un auténtico trabajo y por eso no está ni regulada ni prohibida. La prostitución en España tiene muchas injusticias sociales y políticas. Las leyes en España ofrecen poca ayuda para los trabajadores autónomos en prostitución y por falta de protección y reconocimiento carecen de cualquier derecho laboral. Las regulaciones y leyes que castigan a las prostitutas que consiguen sus clientes en la calle, favorecen la prostitución en clubs donde los dueños tienen la libertad de maltratar, abusar, y robar todos los derechos humanos de las prostitutas. Para entender la realidad de las condiciones de trabajo, discriminación social, estigma, violencia y situación legal de los trabajadores del sexo, es necesario analizarlo en profundidad. La prostitución tiene que ser legalizada porque hay un gran mercado que existe, es un servicio que se está explotando a expensa de las mujeres, y porque niega derechos legales a mujeres forzadas a este trabajo a través de la trata de blancas.
This article shows how human population migration impacts perceptions and prevalence of sexually transmitted disease. The study involves a particular community of imigrants in New York City, West Indian immigrants. There is a large degree of "sexual mixing" between members of the West Indian community and members of the community to which the individuals moved. The immigrants noted in the interviews that relaxed social norms and the availability of a large number of divers partners changed their attitudes toward safe sex and sexually transmitted diseases. However, the researchers also found that in spite of access to more information about condoms, condom use was not necessarily linked to the population migration pattern. This research applies to my research hypothesis because it shows how attitudes toward sexually transmitted diseases may be linked to the practice of safe sex. This information can be used to inform policies and programs.
This article focused on explaining a barrier to testing for migrant men from Sub-Saharan Africa in four different migrant worker hostels in Paris, France. 550 men participated in this study in which the majority migrated from Mali and Senegal, the median age was 40, and the average length of residence in France was twelve years. The study found that 63% of the men living in the hostels were never tested for HIV. Furthermore, it found that 25% of the men were living without any kind of insurance. A lack of insurance was reported as the main barrier for never receiving testing. This is concerning because recent studies have shown that an early implementation of antiretroviral therapy for HIV positive people is extremely beneficial. To combat the rise in HIV among migrants, the French government established 13 centers dedicated to anonymous free testing, in an attempt to reach illegal immigrants without insurance. However, the stigma of STI testing and a fear of deportation has persisted and a lack of preventative testing among Sub-Saharan migrants remains a public health concern.