Emerging Cybersecurity Technologies and

Cyber security is one of the most significant issues facing world leaders today. Besides, threats from cyber attacks pose serious challenges to global network. In fact, most governments recognize the need to implement cyber security in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) systems. Cyber security is important because it ensures security of information. ICT systems encompass various aspects of the government. For instance, ICT systems cover national security, well being and economy of the government. Essentially, cyber security ensures that reliable information is relayed to the right systems. Notably, Australian authorities are increasing awareness on cyber crimes. Additionally,

The Cybersecurity Act of 2012 and its revised version S.3414 addressed several cyber security needs, which have been often overlooked or opposed. The nation stands vulnerable to cyber-attacks, as everyday technology is revamped and upgraded, while laws to protect the nation creep slowly through Congress. Many politicians have argued that these bills have imposed too much regulation on the cyber world and therefor oppose it (CITATION NEEDED). Congress needs to pass laws and regulations if they wish to help protect the nation from the growing threat of cyber-attacks, which can easily cripple the United States from across the globe. The Quadrennial Homeland Security Review Report reveals that the threat of cybercrime is a growing concern.

The Internet, as we all know, has rapidly spread around since its commercialization in the 1990s. It is evident that cybersecurity attacks are not going anywhere, and that government will continue to remain a target. In addition, the Internet of Things (IoT) growth will lead to more devices being connected to the networks. Therefore, with technology moving forward and hackers being more motivated as ever, the government finds itself struggling to keep up with effective cybersecurity measures and with filling up the designated positions in the Cybersecurity department.

Cyber-security demands are ever increasing in the field of Information Technology with the globalization of the internet. Disruptions due to cyber-attacks are affecting the economy, costing companies billions of dollars each year in lost revenue. To counter this problem

Welcome to Foundations of Cybersecurity CSIA 301, a hybrid course. My name is Professor Nancy M. Landreville and I have been teaching here at the University of Maryland, University College since February 2007. My phone number is (301) 401-0144. You may contact me by phone any evening during the week (Monday - Friday) from 7:00pm - 9:00pm. You may email me at any time at nancy.landreville@faculty.umuc.edu . I encourage you to use the private messaging area rather than the faculty email address. This will facilitate faster response to your course questions. I will respond to your email within 24 hours from receipt of your email. Please place the name of the course in the subject line so I

As a nation, today’s society must invest in cyber security to execute military power, protect citizens information, and safeguard businesses.

Hewes, J. A. (2016). Threat and Challenges of Cyber-Crime and the Response. SAM Advanced Management Journal (07497075), 81(2), 4-10.

West, J., & Mar, S. (2017). Fundamentals of a cybersecurity program. Internal Auditor. Retrieved from

The government’s methods of intervention are to enhanced public/private collaboration, proposing new cybersecurity legislations, established partnerships to secure technology, data information sharing, protected consumers, and increase security on Federal networks” (Fact Sheet). By detecting common cyber dangers and obtain additional resources from the private sector assets can reduce the risk of threats against our country. President Obama and his Administration has addressed the major risk of cybersecurity facing our nation today. The government has executed an extensive variety of regulations to improve upon cybersecurity, residential and globally, to enhance cyber defense mechanisms and prevention measures. On February 13th, 2015, the White House held a Cybersecurity and Consumer Protection Summit, and the “President issued an Executive Order to encourage the development of Information Sharing and Analysis Organizations (ISAOs) to serve as the hubs for sharing critical cybersecurity information and promoting collaboration for analyzing this information both within and across industry sectors” (Fact Sheet). To boost cybersecurity for the public good, file sharing policies and regulations should be implemented regarding data sharing developed to uncover data about the dangers and vulnerabilities in its framework. By overseeing file sharing regulations and additional regulations or policies, the government can improve technology innovations to enhance cybersecurity.

In the previous five years, cybersecurity has turned into the most looked for after calling around the world. More than 90 percent of respondents to an overview directed by the Ponemon Institute (2011) detailed being a casualty to cyberattacks amid the most recent year, costing all things considered more than $2 million for each association. This number keeps on ascending as the two programmers and security devices progress. As indicated by PwC, roughly 33% of all U.S. organizations are as of now utilizing digital protection (Lindros and Tittel, 2016).

In this modern world, Information Technology forms the integral part of any kind of business. In the 21st century, countries across the globe have come to rely on complex computer networks that form the infrastructural backbone of even the most basic necessities of life, including electric power grids, global finance, food distribution, medical care, clean drinking water, petroleum production, and most types of communication. The protection of such networks, known as cyber security, is among the highest priorities in the civilized world, alongside planning and operations for major contingencies, including antiterrorism and land warfare. (Al-Saud, 2012:75).In Middle East region, the IT industry is dynamically growing along

1 Everyday we see innovations, new technology in the market, updates, upgrades. The world is moving forward and it is moving rapidly. Businesses around the globe are becoming more dependent on an ever-increasing selection of IT systems and technologies more and more as time goes on. Furthermore, they need to be interconnected with their suppliers, venders, customers and business partners. The dependency on technology combined with interconnection of their business and rapid increase has increased the potential of cyber security risks. Cyber attacks are not just an IT problem; they are more a business risk. Hacking has evolved from hackers to hack for fun to just look for technical vulnerabilities to being sponsored attacks that are targeting specific industries, sectors, companies, and individuals. Cyber attacks methods evolve incredibly fast, complexity, and impact with new, more complex cyber risks everyday. “Many organizations across the industry spectrum are suffering from substantive technology debt.” (PWC.com). Companies are so focused with their emerging business technologies, but they forget that their IT infrastructure is suffering. Their IT infrastructure is aging and it is getting to the point that it cannot even support basic data security functions. Yes, Technology has grown its influence on business, such as “mobile solutions, social media, alternative workplace solutions, collaborative product innovation, digitized healthcare, and telemedicine.”

Cybercrime is a serious issue that the international community faces today, with risks such as theft, espionage, surveillance and sabotage, a very real and accessible threat exists. Cyber security can be defined as a cyber activity that may threaten the security of a system or its information (Threat report 2015). There are various state and non state actors that both participate, instigate and also defend for and against these risks to both manage and maintain security and safety for the nation it protects. This report will look into the various risks and the challenges each nation

Cybersecurity is an integral part national security. Cyber-attacks are increasing in frequency and success and can target virtually anything connected to a network. These threats can affect everyday activities such as talking on a cell phone, driving a car, riding a train, shopping, or flying. They can also affect the highest levels of our country’s government, from a Secretary of State’s email server to the data base of millions of government and military employees. Nearly everything these days is digital. That simple fact means that everything digital is vulnerable. From military technology to a child monitor, the cybersecurity is paramount to national security, because if it can be used to destroy or disrupt, an adversary will try to employ it in their favor.

Olli Pitkänen, Risto Sarvas, Asko Lehmuskallio, Miska Simanainen, Vesa Kantola Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT / Aalto University Mika Rautila, Arto Juhola, Heikki Pentikäinen VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ossi Kuittinen Sitra