Emile Durkheim Research Paper

Social control theory and social learning theory are two theories that suggest why deviant behavior is chosen to be acted upon by some individuals and not others. Both take a different stance on the issue. Social control theory suggests people’s behavior is based on their bonds to society, if they have strong bonds to society they conform and if not they have a tendency to act out or become involved in criminal or deviant behavior. Social learning theory suggest that through vicarious learning people learn from observing others and based on what the observe make the choice of whether to copy those actions to obtain desired results or chose not to if

Emile Durkheim also referred to as “The Father of Sociology” (Thio, 2002), played a critical role in establishing theories based on “Social Facts” (Thio, 2002) He is best known for his views of “social reality”( Thio, 2002) and their ties into how a society works. He was said to be a sociologist who played an important part in the development of “structural functionalism” (Thio, 2002), and sociology as a whole. His four major studies, or publications, have assured him a place in the history of sociology’s intellectual development (Thompson, 2002). The following contents will discuss Durkheim’s childhood, his studies, his journey through sociology, and his theories.

David Emile Durkheim was a French sociologist who was born on the 15th of April 1858. His mother was a merchant’s daughter and his father, Moise, has been rabbi of Epinal since the 1830s. Emile Durkheim grandfather and great grandfathers were also rabbi’s so everyone assumed he would follow that path. He dismissed this ambition early on when he left rabbi school and went to College of Epinal where he was an outstanding student. Durkheim was so good he skipped two years easily obtaining his baccalaureates in letters and sciences. He then decided he wanted to become a teacher so he decided to go to Paris to train to become a teacher. Durkheim failed his first two attempts at the examination but finally got in on his third try.

The control theory, thought of by Travis Hirschi, attempts to explain that the reason why people commit crimes is through their relationships. His theory says that, “People care what others think of them and

Control Theory does not call into question society’s definition of deviance or the laws implemented by them, but the individual themselves and why they don’t deviate. This theory provides four different controls (a bond of sort that an individual has with society)that prevent individuals from deviating; commitment, involvement, attachment, and belief. Therefore, when deviant acts occur it is due to that bond being weakened or fully broken. Moreover, this particular theory involves previously mentioned neutralization techniques.

“Treat social facts as things” is an expression that epitomises the works of Emile Durkheim. This essay focuses on four main sociological concepts proposed by the functionalist Emile Durkheim; the division of labour; mechanical and organic solidarity; anomie and suicide, and examines their relevance in contemporary society.

Social Control theory is a criminology perspective that attempts to explain the distribution of crime and delinquency among individuals, groups and societies. Control theories begin by assuming that behavioral behavior is problematic, and try to understand the forces that compel the majority of people, most of the time, to behave in a non-criminal way. The theory of self-control locates the basis of behavior according to the bonds that are formed at the beginning of life between parents or other caregivers and children. These social bonds develop toward the tendency to regulate individual behavior in terms of the negative consequences of actions. The theory of self-control has connections with theories of self-regulation and with problematic

Social control theory is used to help one understand and reduce levels of criminal activity. It is based upon the idea that an individual’s basic belief system, morals, values, commitments and relationships foster a lawful environment. Most individuals who possess these values and beliefs tend to have a level of self-control over their actions and are consequently prepared to remain on the correct side of the law. Furthermore, social control theory is used to examine how society can influence criminal behaviour. It also emphasizes the idea that when an individual is involved and in-touch with their community, they are less likely to commit acts of delinquency.

Socialization is the relationship people have to important social processes, which includes education, family and peer relations (Siegel, 2015). Proper socialization leads to conformity, while improper socialization leads to nonconformity. Both theories are traced from the Sociological Criminology. Sociological Criminology was developed by Emile Durkheim in which he thought crime had a relation to social and environmental factors. According to Siegel (2105), “Durkheim thought that crime was normal because it is virtually impossible to imagine a society in which criminal behavior is absent” (p.11). Social control is a sub theory of Social process theory. Social process theory focuses its attention on

I chose Emile Durkheim as my sociological theorist for my article because I find his views very relevant to today’s society. Durkheim believed strongly in the division of labor and the idea of the body social, or functionalism. Both ideas we, the modern world, use to an extent due it becoming the best way to succeed economically.

Everyone sees the world in diverse ways. Sociological theorists, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Max Webber, and Georg Simmel all had their own had viewing society and breaking down what made societies whole. Durkheim linked the external needs of a person and pleasing the needs and wants of society. Marx’s research pointed that societal differences between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie, or the difference between the workers and the capitalists. Each theorist played a part in the building of sociology and the way we all see societies now.

Emile Durkheim, the father of sociology, was the first to explore stigmatism in society in 1895. Exploring the idea of deviance in relation to individuals/groups who deviate from the ‘norm’ in society. Stigmatism is defined as the disapproval of an individual/group based on social characteristics perceived by other individuals/groups from other members of society. Stigma discredits an individual/group, discounting them devaluing in a social context. Some examples of individuals/groups labeled social deviants are the mentally ill, physically disabled, and homosexuals.

As a result, their conduct is less influenced by group norms and expressed in two related ways. They consist of lack of regulation and lack of interrogation (Bohm and Vogel, 2011). In lack of regulation, the collective conscious is unable to regulate human desires (Bohm and Vogel, 2011). In the lack of interrogation human beings no longer care about the welfare of others (Bohm and Vogel, 2011). Durkheim argued that anomie can be linked to social ill in crime. In macro-sociology, crime marks the boundary and function of society. If it did not exist, human beings would be lost (Bohm and Vogel, 2011). Crime provided a mean of exchange by achieving the necessity of social changes. Tarde and Durkheim suggested that social interactions and criminal motivation can be linked to the Macro-sociological Theory of crime (Bohm and Vogel, 2011). They identified the particular social groups that affect criminal motivation and the process by which criminal socialization occurs. On the other hand, Durkheim advocated a division of labor without social inequities, occupational associations and the abolition of inheritance to reduce crime (Bohm and Vogel,

To explain this some theorist state the “rebellious”, deviant behavior comes from frustration, blocked occupational opportunities and or reaction-formation and creates a counter-culture with their own social norm. Culture Conflict Theories suggest just that, the norm of the sub-culture or community and individual belongs to over-ride the norms of the larger societal whole. Social Control or Bond theories are broken down into two sub-categories: external social control and internal social control. (p. 116) The research by Eve focuses on the internal social control theory suggested by Hirschi, which states that the social ties to the collective norm have been broken and therefore the person is free to deviate from conventional social order.

Numerous criminological hypotheses dependably clarify the reasons why individuals perpetrate wrongdoing, or to discover what are the most persuasive elements rouse individuals carry out wrongdoing and damage the social standards. Rather, social control hypotheses have been as of now expected people are possibly perpetrating wrongdoing. In addition, the social control or social bond hypothesis is underscoring why a man don't be a criminal. In social control scholars' suspicions, people have the ability to abuse the laws instead of comply with the laws. Honest practices are not the idea of individuals. Individuals carry out wrongdoing in light of the fact that the powers or obliges of society isn't most grounded enough. It depicts individuals are remaining in the situation amongst abnormality and congruity. It demonstrates the strain of everybody either submit degenerate act or acknowledges the standards. As indicated by Hirschi control speculations