Emission Of Energy

Efficiency at a power plant is determined by energy conversion rate. This is rate is measured by the input energy source, in this case coal, in proportion to the output, which is the power generated. The less fuel that is required for power generation, the more efficient it is. Efficiency is very sensitive in relation to the amount of carbon dioxide emitted. A single percentage increase in the efficiency of a coal fired power plant yields a 2-3% reduction in the carbon dioxide levels emitted by this plant. The power stations on the upper side on the scale of efficiency may emit up to 40% less carbon dioxide than the average power stations currently installed. The efficiency of power plant improvements include the most cost effective and shortest lead time actions for reducing emissions from coal fired electricity. This is especially true in developing and lower-economy countries

Currently, this technology is the most reliable technology in terms of sustainable environmental policy and economic factors. This technology has demonstrated effectively in the industry of oil and natural gas to enhance the extraction of oil and gas. Furthermore, geosequestration technology can be defined as the capture, transport, injection, and geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2). Firstly, CO2 needs to be separated and captured to the CO2 compression unit, where CO2 emission changes into liquid condition, from the source such as coal-fired power plants or industrial facilities. After that, the captured CO2 is transported to a selected geological site by mostly using pipelines and injected to deep underground into a geological reservoir where CO2 will be stored for a long time and the depth of underground is usually at least one kilometre. Finally, there must have regular monitoring to ensure the

Coal has had a tremendous effect on the world. It produces the most electricity when compared to other fuels. The US generates more than half of their electricity from coal. This black or brownish‐black fossil fuel, formed by the energy in plants hundreds of millions of years ago, is made up of mostly carbon, hydrogen, and small traces of other elements like sulfur. Coal has four main types of categories. Mining is the method used to extract coal from underneath the ground. After coal is mined, it needs to be processed in order to increase its heating value. These sedimentary rocks are excellent in producing energy, but they also pollute the environment and increase global warming. With all of

CCS is the process of capturing waste CO2 from industrial processes such as fossil fuel or biomass utilising power plants to a site of storage. This could be depleted oil and gas reservoirs, deep unused saline water-saturated reservoir rocks or ocean storage. The CO2 could also be used

After the industrial revolution, energy is urgently needed for both daily life and industries. For hundreds of years, human beings have relied on the consumption of energy. People not only cannot live without them but also have to increase the amount for their better living methods and better life quality. Problems come along with increasing energy, especially when the major part of the energy comes from burning coal. Pollution caused by excess burning of coal and trade problems caused by coal prices and coal reserves are so apparent that need to be addressed. However, the advantages of burning coal for energies are so clear for its cheaper

Radiation is a type of energy that occurs naturally, and can be manmade. Radiation is always around us. Microwaves, computers and cellphones give off radiation. There are many other ways to get radiation as radiation therapy for cancer. Radiation travels in the form of waves or particles, depending on the type. Radioactive substances give off their energy over time, ranging from a fraction of a second to thousands of years. The period of time in which a radioactive substance gives off half of its energy is called the "half-life" of that substance.

As concerns of climate change and global warming rises, reducing the impact on environment and human health have became the priorities to consider before the construction of buildings. Therefore, the concept of sustainable building (also known as green building, green construction)was brought up, aiming to create structures which is environmentally responsible and source-efficient during its lifespan. [1] Compared to conventional buildings, sustainable buildings are advantageous from many aspects, such as durability, comfort, security, productivity and economy.

Due to the environmental impacts of the built environment, there is a developing understanding of the need to improve the sustainability, energy efficiency and the total performance of new and existing buildings. Thus, the construction industry is required to develop its processes to meet the progressively challenging performance targets to encourage and secure sustainable investments, mitigate the impacts on the environment and satisfy buildings occupiers (BSRIA 2014a).

Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) produces a narrow beam light, which is used in a multitude to modern technology (NASA, 2017). A LASER is produced through the using energy to excite atoms trapped within a space surrounded by mirrors. The atoms will emit photons that will recoil off the mirrors, the more activity in this space the more photons will be released, as it will increase the excitement of other atoms. In one section of the codified are area a partial mirror is used allowing a singular been of photons to be released, hence the LASER beam. After Theodore Maiman invented the first practical laser people began to see the potential this device possessed to further advance the world. Today the laser is

Emissions from construction equipment are a dominant emission source that governs emissions at construction phase due to its heavy use of machines. These emissions from construction equipment cannot be only limited to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions(Frey et al., 2010, Kean et al., 2000, Abolhasani et al., 2008). This is because fuel combustion in construction equipment is often associated with non-greenhouse gas emissions such as Carbon Monoxide (CO), Hydro carbon (HC), Nitrous Oxide (NOx), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and Particulate Matter (PM) due to partial combustion of fuel. These non-greenhouse gas emissions depend upon several factors like age of the machine, deterioration, load factor and efficiency of the machine (Colberg et al., 2005). A comprehensive emission study on construction equipment would ideally consider all these emissions. Even though the estimation of all these emissions is highly important, attaining the corresponding emission factors can be a challenging task. Some of the countries in

this natural phenomenon is being altered by a greater build up of gases caused by human activity.

Now days the main building material used in the construction industry are concrete, steel and timber. From the point of view of ecological sustainability, there are four important differences between these three materials: first, timber is the only material of the three that is renewable; second, timber needs only a small amount of energy to be extracted and recycled compared to steel and concrete (but the implementation of its potential is not as developed yet); third, timber does not produce waste by the end of its life since it can be reused many times in several products before decomposing or being used as fuel and; and fourth, timber traps huge amounts of carbon from the atmosphere – a tree can contain a ton of CO2– and the carbon

Concrete is the most commonly used material on earth apart from water. The main reasons for such a wide use are the performance benefits that include durability, robustness, thermal mass, acoustic performance and flood resilience. The amount of concrete used annually is equal to about 2.8 billion tons in 2008. Thus, the concrete industry is one of the main contributors to the total CO2 emission of the world. Cement, the principal component for production of concrete, manufacturing amounts to approximately 7% of the total CO2 emission in 2007 globally. However, carbonation reaction that occurs in concrete with age reabsorbs CO2 released during calcination. Therefore, the main focus of reduction in emission during cement production is by reducing the energy use or the amount of cement used in the manufacturing. Moreover, the advantage of concrete is that it is locally produced; as well as all its primary components are universally available. Apart from that, concrete can last longer than other construction material and has low maintenance and long service life. Thus, conserves a lot of energy resulting in a very less CO2 emission if measured according to Full Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The main problem with manufacturing of concrete apart from cement usage is the large quantities of gravel, sand and water are used that has considerable ecological effects. The use of concrete will increase in coming years as large number of developing countries began to

Sand Production control and mitigation is an industry-wide problem and having limited knowledge about dealing with sand production mitigation works to the disadvantage of any industrial entity. This report clearly outlines sand production mitigation techniques and more importantly one treatment technique and one mitigation technique. Using a compare contrast setting key features of these techniques are explored with the intent of informing and bringing to the fore front two major entities that must be taken into consideration’ The environment and cost. This report shows how natural based processes are more economically feasible and more suited for the environment.

India is a developing and second largest democracy in the world. India depends on coal as its main source of electricity as it comprises of 65% of its total production. It has 278.733 GW installed capacity as of September, 2015. But with ever-growing population of over 1.287 billion (Anon., 2015), the demand is increasing every year. The grid is creaking trying to meet the demand. In the process there are blackouts which affected the Northern half of India heavily in the year 2012.