Emma Critical Incident

Although the security of Australia is grateful, the social inclusion was disregarded. (In text) described the lack of interpreting services in Australian hospitals and an absence of personal and communal care impacted on their experiences giving birth. Frequently, normal births became confusing or difficult for the midwife to manage, and with a language barrier it can become exacerbated due to stress of the women. (In text) have researched in responses from the women’s culture can vary from healthcare to healthcare professionals, with younger women displaying preparedness to report and identify discrimination. They believe the problems lie within the health care, coupled with the inability of women who require attention, not within the healthcare system itself, but more likely individual social attitudes which are the women’s rights to be treated (in text). Stress, depression, hopelessness and feelings of hostility can play a part from the language barriers. Without understanding each other the midwife and women would not achieve a good professional relationship. Without the rapport, labour and birth is compromised by the frustrations on the midwife and women due to the language barrier. This compromised by the lack of verbal

Establishing a relationship with the mother and the family is key in this process (Jansson & Adolfsson, 2011). One of the way’s nurses can build relationship with the mother and family is through Relational practice, this requires the nurse’s ability to integrate both the patient’s healthcare and personal needs and an understanding of a patient’s personality, values, culture, religion and past medical and emotional history (Doane & Varcoe, 2007). During the traumatic and painful experience of perinatal loss mothers and family often feel powerless and often do not take care of themselves. A nurse can help the mother and the family by providing basic physical needs such as food and drink. In a study conducted by Jansson & Adolfsson (2011) one of the mothers that participated in the study stated that she appreciated the simple gestures provided by the health care team. Furthermore, in a study conducted by Rini and Loriz (2007) parents who experienced displays of caring had a profound long lasting positive effect on their experience surrounding perinatal loss indicating the positive after effect caring has on families experiencing perinatal loss. In Swanson’s Middle Range Caring Theory, the “enabling” process emphasizes the importance of maintaining confidence in the ability of the mother and family to survive and get through the event; the nurse’s appreciation of the difficulty of coping for

The Birmingham paper of Wednesday morning, December 5, contained headlines that would have been enough to capture anyone’s attention. On December 4, the body of a nicely-dressed girl around the age of eight or nine years old was found floating in the lake in the Birmingham suburbs known as East Lake. Her body was found by two teenage boys by the names of John Keith and Ben Cluberson who were innocently playing in a boat. The Jefferson County Coroner conducted an initial exam and determined that the cause of her death to be murder. Unable to identify the little girl, they placed her body for viewing in hopes someone would recognize her. Just a few days later, the local butchers identified her as being May Hawes, the oldest daughter of Richard and Emma Hawes.

The Latina transnational mothers in this reading, struggled financially to provide for themselves and their children, which forced them to improvise their motherhood duties. These immigrant mothers work abroad while their children remain in country of origin which challenges the traditional

Stewart et al. studied postpartum women in Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver and found that immigrant women had lower social supports than Canadian-born women and a greater risk for postpartum depression, which they postulated was due to their lack of social support, language challenges, and limited experience with life and healthcare in the Canadian context. (Stewart:123) In another study involving 1,250 women recruited from 5 hospitals in Canada, Sword found that immigrant women had less social support than Canadian-born women, which may relate to the absence of adult female relatives for many of these women. (10:721) The lack of social support for immigrant women can lead to social isolation and adverse health effects. (10:721) This is particularly relevant to consider since it is the norm in may non-Western cultures to obtain assistance from family members for up to 40 days postpartum and to be taken care of by female family members. (10:722, 725) Gagnon at al also found that women were unable to access maternal health care given that they relied on their partners for language translation and transportation and it was challenging to attend appointments with their other children. (Gagnon:563-4) With the absence of extended family, friends and cultural communities for immigrant women in Canada, we can see how the effects of these barriers could be isolating

When creating care plans for children it is so important to include the child’s family in their care as it will benefit in this case both James and his family in helping to meet his milestonesIt is especially important when creating care plans for children to include where possible the philosophy of children’s and young person’s nursing which is family centred care. (Glasper and McEwing, 2010). Family centred care does not mean that parents have to remain with their child at all-times in hospital.it Care planning is all about prioritising what is best for the patient and putting the patient first (in this scenario James) but also incorporating family centred care in the patients plan. As discussed in care plan 3, we saw how James experienced anxiety as a result of hospitalisation for the first time and how his mother also suffered from anxiety as a result of not being able to stay with James all the time. In spite of this, James’ individualised care plan alleviated this problem by assigning him a nurse that he built a trusting relationship with and by creating a home environment for him by bringing in some family photos and comforts like his blanket and favourite toys.

For instance, O’Mahoney and Donnelly describe how the stigmatization of mental illness in certain cultural backgrounds and the resulting lack of cultural acceptance of postpartum depressive symptoms poses barriers restricting certain immigrant women from accessing necessary health care. In certain cultures, it is not the norm to seek help outside the family or community for these types of symptoms; in fact, it may even be viewed as shameful to seek such help (O’Mahoney:922, HigginbottomSudanese:5). This is particularly troublesome given that immigrant women have a higher risk of developing postpartum depression than Canadian-born women due to a number of risk factors including lack of social support and isolation (O’Mahoney:920). An analysis of postpartum depression symptoms of women in Quebec by Mechakra-Tahiri, Zunzunegui and Seguin found that depressive symptoms were more frequently reported in immigrant women, especially those from minority groups.

Drozdowicz (2014) relates how the essence of communication to the family unit by providers differs in the NICU as compared to the pediatric and adult populations. Drozdowicz (2014) strikes a holistic approach in encouraging provider to talk to the NICU infant allowing a relationship to form that creates a calming environment of caring. Sweet and Mannix (2007) describe a mixed-method study to explore the stress levels of parents; the behavior of nursing staff was the most influential indicator of parental health literacy of their NICU infant and ability to respond to the NICU infant needs. The nurse creates a role-modeling opportunity that prompt parents. Little qualitative or quantitative research exists for this holistic nursing intervention.

This essay discusses some of the oppertuities and challenges facing Health visitors today, It outlines changes, strategies and plans commisioned by the National Health Service (NHS), Department Of Health (DOH) and the Government to ensure families have a positive start. The aim is to strengthen the Health Visiting team and provide continued care using communication, information sharing and multi disciplinary team work.

In her article, Becoming a mother: The meaning of childbirth for African-Canadian Women, Josephine Etowa describes childbirth as a life-changing event not only for the mother, but her whole family (2012). This paper is based on the interview I had with Ms. Alice, a mother of three children aged thirty-one years, twenty-two years, and fourteen years describing her experience with Canadian health system through her pregnancy, labor, and post-partum period. Ms. Alice is now fifty-six years old, working for a well-known University in Halifax, Nova-Scotia as a secretary. She is quite content with her job, her family, and herself.

The search for literature around this subject was undertaken by accessing CINAHL, PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE and by using internet search engines. The keywords ‘Postnatal’ ‘postpartum depression’, ‘cultures’, ‘attitudes’ and ‘EPNDS’ were entered in to the databases. As literature was gathered, the search was altered to include ‘U.K’ based studies specifically, to find how original the proposed research questions are (Parahoo 1997).

During interactions with health care personnel they may be trying to absorb as much information as they can, or at the other end of the spectrum, they may not be absorbing any information. Home health visits are a good way to recognize how a family is adapting after hospital discharge. Murray & McKinney (2014) noted, “The home visit is ideally scheduled during the first 24 to 72 hours after discharge. This timing allows early assessment and intervention for problems in nutrition, jaundice, newborn adaptation, and mother-infant interaction. (p. 462)” During the visit the nurse is able to answer any questions the mother may have thought of following discharge. Regardless of the situation, whether a patient is ill or delivery a baby, patients have a hard time gaining a sense of comfort in the hospital setting. They may feel like they are a burden asking questions or like their questions are not important. With the home health visit, the patients are in an environment they know and in most cases trust and are comfortable in; this can help enhance a positive interaction between the nurse and

The current social expectations of motherhood are complex, the definition of a “good” mother, can sometimes lead to women feeling as they do not and can not measure up. To illustrate the challenges of motherhood and the feelings of inadequacy that go hand in hand, Tamar Hager, discusses her personal experience as the new mother of twins. She highlights the myth of maternal extinct by discussing the difference between how she was told she would feel as a new mother in comparison to the reality she felt. She shares that she felt scared, alone, disorientated and in pain after the birth of her children. Hager explains that self-sacrificing images of motherhood are expected and seen as normal characteristics of being a mother. She states that

Emma Woodhouse, who begins the novel "handsome, clever, and rich, with a comfortable home and a happy disposition" (Austen 1), suffers from a dangerous propensity to play matchmaker, diving into other’s lives, for what she believes is their own good. Despite this, she is a sympathetic character. Her matchmaking leads only to near-disasters and her expressions of remorse following these mistakes are sincere and resolute. Jane Austen's Emma concerns the social milieu of a sympathetic, but flawed young woman whose self-delusion regarding her flaws is gradually erased through a series of comic and ironic events.

How is “gallant” described in the novel Emma by Jane Austen? Emma is a novel detailing the lives of a select group of individuals with a strict social hierarchy living in a small town outside of London in the eighteenth century. The word gallant and its variations are used 25 times in this book. Different characters use it with different connotations, some positive, some negative; overall, it seems to refer to the complimenting or flattering of women.