Emotion
Suzanne Gilbert, Della Lonkar, Karmyla Lopez, Joy Schatz
Psych 355
April 18, 2011
Stefanie Krasner
Theories of Emotion
Researchers have debated about the phenomenon with emotions. Debates on this topic have and will continue to for many more years. Researchers have attempted to understand why one has emotions and came up with the five different theories. The first theory is the James-Lange theory, which argues that an event can cause physiological arousal first and, it can be interpret this as an arousal. Second theory is the Cannon-Bard theory that argues that all humans experience a physiological arousal and an emotional one at the same time. It still does not give any attention to the role of the thoughts or an outward
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This theory states that one cannot learn unless there is a drive that forces one into action to produce some kind of reward. This satisfies the drive and reduces the psychological or physiological need. (Drive Reduction Theory, 2011). An example of a psychological need is a desire for love. One will seek out others to be a part of one’s life. An example of a physiological need is hunger. One will look for food when hungry.
Uncovering Basic Emotions Analyzing research methods used for uncovering basic emotions applied to the Cannon-Bard emotion theory and Drive reduction arousal theory. The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion is a stimulating event takes place, emotional, and physiological changes occur (Changing Minds, 2010). A person may feel muscular tension as well as sweating to the situation. A research method associated with the Cannon-Bard emotion theory would be the evolution theory. This method is an idea where emotion aids species survival (Decker, 2010). An example: A person is hiking through the woods approaches a snake. The appearance of the snake evokes fear, which in return causes the emotional experience. Fear produces behavior and emotion to run, muscular tension, or possibly cry. The emotion evoked by the predator or event causes the survival. The Drive reduction arousal theory is an approach to motivation that assumes behavior arises. Arousal is the source of emotions. Second, arousal is the impetus for attending to
What is emotional intelligence? Why it is important to understand emotional intelligence in today’s society? People can have a wide range of emotions from being happy, confused, angry, sad, etc. As individuals’, it’s important to understand our own emotions as well as those around us at home, work, and in social environments. If we are able to comprehend and control our emotions, it makes it easier for us to see others’ perceptions of ourselves.
An emotion is experienced as a feeling that motivates, organizes, and guides perception, thought, and action (Izard, 1991). Emotions can be classified into three major categories which are: (1) the physiology of emotion, (2) the behaviour of emotion, and (3) the subjective
The four major theories of emotion are the James-Lange theory, the Cannon-Bard theory, the Schacter-Singer theory, and the Lazarus theory. The James-Lange theory claims that an event first causes physiological arousal and also a physical response. It is not until then that the person interprets the physical response as an emotion. The Cannon-Bard theory states that emotion -provoking stimuli are received by the senses and are then relayed simultaneously to the cerebral cortex, which provides the conscious mental experience of the emotion, and to the sympathetic nervous system, which produces the physiological state of arousal. The Schacter-Singer theory states that for an emotion to occur there must first be a physiological arousal, and second there must be an explanation for the arousal. The Lazarus theory is the theory that an emotion-provoking stimulus triggers a cognitive appraisal, which is followed by the emotion and physiological arousal. The most valid theory of emotion is the Cannon-Bard theory. He says that being afraid of something not only constitutes emotional fear, but it also brings about a rapid heartbeat. Concurring with the Cannon-Bard theory, we have a many different nerve systems within the human body that can be triggered simultaneously. This theory is more valid then the rest simply because of the adrenaline that is release into your body when excited or in the mist of eminent danger. The
Drive Reduction Theory: Theory proposing that certain drives, like hunger, thirst and sexual frustration motivate us to act in ways that minimize aversive states
This evolutionary psychology -emotions presents the precise kind of governing function by arranging systems of perception, attention, energy and effectiveness, goal pursuit, as well as the activation of specialized activating specialized interpretations, diversifying decision weightings, and determining behavior (Tooby, Cosmides 1990). They emphasize using the emotion of fear: For example, envision walking by yourself down a dark road and hearing a loud rustling or noise in the bushes nearby. Then your emotions and energies become more aroused as the noises get louder and closer; now indicative of someone or something is stalking you; the verge for detecting movement also becomes lowered, and you are no longer feeling the discomfort of hunger, your interest of captivating someone of the opposite sex is now a thing of the past- “fight or flight,” hide, halt, stand where you are, etc. these reactions and emotions may vary dependent upon the circumstances. Thus these evolutionary concepts are specific to the development of humans and their ability to adapt and
Cannon-Bard Theory is a physiological explanation of emotion stating that we feel emotions and experience physiological reactions such as sweating, trembling and muscle tension. For example you are on a camping trip with your family and you go off to find a place to use the bathroom and you see a huge grizzly bear and you feel afraid and you tense in readiness to run away as fast as you can.
Drive reduction theory is a theory that states: a physiological need creates a drive, or an aroused tension state, which motivates an organism to satisfy a need. The main goal of this theory is for the organism to retain homeostasis. To sum it up, if an organism has a lack of a need, the brain is going to do what it can do to be able to restore the body to a steady internal state A.K.A homeostasis. For example Joe is starving and this is a drive that causes him to want to eat and not concentrate. Because his brain wants to retain homeostasis, it does everything possible to get him back to homeostasis.
The complexity of human emotions has been an unsolvable conundrum that has plagued the minds of philosophers for hundreds of years. In fact, to this day, philosophers still feverishly debate the various components of emotions. Whether it is the origins of emotions or the effect on the human body that emotions have, actual facts and proven theories about emotions are impossible to one hundred percent be verified. One emotion that is particularly complex and powerful is the emotion of fear. For example, there are times when an individual is totally paralyzed and unable to move purely because of the fact that the individual
The term mindfulness refers to paying attention to the present-moment experience without judgement or reactiveness (Bajaj, Gupta, & Pande, 2016). Additionally, mindfulness emphasises acknowledgment and acceptance of thoughts, emotions, bodily sensations and directing attention to external events and stimuli (Morgan et al., 2014). When mindful, a person has greater objectivity as they focus less on self-interest or thoughts of the past or future therefore do not 'jump to conclusions' when processing experiences. Social anxiety in adolescents is experienced commonly as fearing social situations such as, participating in social events, public speaking, social talk and test situations in case embarrassment or negative evaluation may occur. (Essau, Conradt, & Peterman, 1999). Furthermore, social anxiety activates negative
It all started after the era of ‘Good Feeling’, which did not last very long. The states of America were divided into three sections; the Northern states which were manufacturers, the Southern states which were made of family farms, and the Western states which had big plantation farms and used slaves to do the work. They all had their selfish reasons to be split apart, and none of them did not care how their actions affected the other section, which affected the nation.
A genogram is frequently used by psychologists as a way to map out relationships in a family and help gain insight into how its’ members interact. I was married for 17 years to someone whose family of origin shared very few personality traits with the members of my own family. However I am struck by the similarities in the way both of our families function. Very similar patterns of functioning become clear on the genogram diagram. It put a lot of issues into perspective as I proceed through the process of interviewing, diagramming, and writing about my history.
The things I carry are largely determined from peoples or situations. Among the people that affect my emotions are teachers, my friends, my family, and people I hate but all together they are still people the emotions I have vary from them people I hate obviously make me angry to a point I scarcely know myself, friends make me happy because I know there is someone out there that I can actually talk and have fun with, my family well they give me nothing but pure happiness no strings attached because I love them with all of my heart I would do anything for them I would even give my life to them. The situations that affect me are as follow death I am no good with death I either get sadistically weird or disgusted by it or
However, instead of using vital survival arguments to explain how emotions are elicited, it uses a expansive notion of possible benefits or harms. Only limited by the central role given to cognition in the process of emotion, analysts in this field find it more difficult to distinguish emotions from non-emotions, (e.g. ideas, attitudes or
Many occupations and workplaces require employees to display certain emotional characteristic or behaviors that are expected in support of service standards or to meet performance requirements. Emotional labor (EL) is defined as how “…individuals regulate their emotional expressions to organization goals in exchange for a wage (Ma, Silva, Trigo, & Callan, 2015). Further analysis of EL research (Newman, Guy, & Mastracci, 2009) expands on the definition of EL by focusing on the relation between two groups: the employee and citizen; and employee and employee where the face is used to display emotions to… “produce a particular state of mind” ... (p. 7). Among the organizations that require their employees to abide by “emotional display rules”
The Cannon-Bard Theory states that I experienced my arousal and fear at the same time. The arousal does not cause emotion and emotions do not cause arousal. It co-occurs. For example, while my heart was racing, I was feeling scared at the same time. There is evidence that our arousal does influence our experience of emotion. With an experiment with people with lower and higher spinal cord injuries and how they felt. This theory also does not include how cognition affects our experience of emotion. (Myers, DeWall)