Emotional Competencies

Emotional intelligence is the ability to recognize one’s own and other people’s emotions, to discriminate between different feelings and label them appropriately. Emotional information can be used to guide thinking and behavior. There are three important key points to emotional intelligences which include; being able to have emotional awareness, having the capability to apply emotions to problem solving and thinking, and manage emotions with yourself and others, such as making someone happy when sad (Psychology Today, 2015).

The theory of emotional intelligence was first introduced in 1990 by John Mayer and Peter Salovey. They developed various ways to measure emotional intelligence abilities, if it improved with age, and if emotional intelligence abilities formed a unified intelligence (Mayer, 2009). Mayer and Salovey found that if all criteria were met, than it was said to be a true intelligence. As described by Mayer (2009), emotional intelligence can be defined as one’s capability to reason about emotions and emotional information, and of emotions to enhance thought. Those with high emotional intelligence can accurately perceive emotions in other’s faces. They also know how to use specific emotional times within

Daniel Goleman describes emotional intelligence as "the capacity for recognizing our own feelings and those of others, for motivating ourselves and for managing emotion well in ourselves and in our relationships (Goleman, 2000).” Goleman goes on to explain that emotional intelligence can be broken down into two core competencies. These competencies include personal competence and social competence. Personal

Two psychologists, John Mayer and Peter Salovey, first introduced the concept of “emotional intelligence”, or EI, in a journal article in 1990 (Goleman, 2005). It was then popularized in 1995, with the book Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ by Daniel Goleman. Goleman posited that EI is as important, if not more important, than IQ in terms of success in academics, business, and interpersonal relationships (2005).

Emotional intelligence is the ability to recognize feelings and judge which feelings are appropriate for a given situation.

Managing human emotions plays a critical role in everyday functioning. After years of lively debate on the significance and validity of its construct, emotional intelligence (EI) has generated a robust body of theories, research studies, and measures (Stough, Saklofske, & Parker). There has been work and many ideas by Jack Mayer, Peter Salovey, David Caruso, Daniel Goleman, and Steve Hein to name a few. All researchers have different interpretations of the term emotional intelligence and different visions of what emotional intelligence can mean for humanity (Hein, 2005). In 1985 Wayne Leon Payne, then a graduate student at an alternative liberal arts college in the USA, wrote a doctoral dissertation which included the term “emotional intelligence” in the title. This seems to be the first academic use of the term “emotional intelligence.” In the next five years no one else seems to have used the term “emotional intelligence” in any academic paper. Then in 1990 the work of two American university professors, John Mayer and Peter Salovey, was published in two academic journal articles. Mayer and Salovey were trying to develop a way of scientifically measuring the difference between people’s ability in the area of emotions. They found that some people were better than others at things like identifying their own feelings, identifying the feelings of others, and solving problems involving emotional issues. Since 1990 these professors

Emotional Competence. Victims of bullying run high risks of developing depression, and chronic depression if the bullying goes on for prolonged periods (Wonke & Lereya, 2015). Depression in this case results from prolonged feelings of insufficiency (Yen, 2010). Anxiety is also common among victims of school bullying (Wonke & Lereya, 2015). Some of the health risks associated with anxiety include viral infections, ulcers, and migraines (Wonke & Lereya, 2015). Wonke and Lereya (2015) report that most victims report increased bodily pain, poor general health, and slower illness recovery. This anxiety, if left unchecked, overwhelms the individual’s ability to reason, increasing their vulnerability to suicidal feelings (Wonke & Lereya, 2015). Wonke

Extensive developmental research indicates that effective mastery of social-emotional competencies is associated with greater well-being and better school performance whereas the failure to achieve competence in these areas can lead to a variety of personal, social, and academic difficulties (Eisenberg, 2006; Guerra & Bradshaw, 2008). Zins and Elias (2006) indicated that many programs help students apply social and emotional learning (SEL) skills in preventing specific problem behaviors such as substance use, interpersonal violence, bullying, and school failure. Parents of clients in the program were requesting for assistance such as the educational intervention that will provide clients with opportunities to contribute to their class, school,

Emotional intelligence was described formally by (Salovey & Mayer). They defined it as ‘the ability to monitor one’s own and others’ feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them and to use this information to guide one’s thinking and actions’. They also provided an initial empirical demonstration of how an aspect of emotional

1) Emotional intelligence refers to the capacity for monitoring our own feelings and those of others, along with motivating ourselves and managing our emotions.

In 1940, Wechsler the father of IQ testing realized the significance of emotional intelligence (EI) when he said that in order to have an accurate test “affective and cognitive abilities (Stein and Book 15). Then in 1948, R.W. Leeper advocated for “emotional thought” he believed that it contributed to” logical thought” (Stein and Book 15). Decades later in 1981 a resurgence of EI came about when Sternberg et al. asked lay people to state their view of an intelligent person (Mayer and Salovey). Majority of the answers stated that it is a person who accepts who they abilities must be tested; admits their wrong and how interest in things around then. Later on, EI was being measured; a decade later in 1997 there was the Bar- On emotion social intelligence, which is asked to figure out various aspects or emotion that leads to psychological well being (Berrocal, Fernandez, and Pacheco 8). The results were that emotional intelligence is derived of five sub factors, self-perception, self-expression, interpersonal, decision making, and stress management; he concluded that the aspects are significant in improving one’s wellbeing in society (Berrocal, Fernandez, and Pacheco 8). A year later in 1998 Daniel Goleman created a model of EI, which is used today; it is used to predict

Where did the term emotional intelligence come from? The first time the term “emotional intelligence” was used in academia was in 1985 by a graduate student who wrote a doctoral dissertation with the term in the title. For the next five years, the term was left untouched until 1990 when Peter

Emotional Intelligence is defined as a ‘type of social intelligence that involves the ability to monitor one’s own and other’s emotions, to discriminate among them and to use the information to guide one’s thinking and actions’ (Salovey and Mayer, 1990: 189). According to Goleman (2001), ‘emotional intelligence comprises of 4 key components which are, Self

A) Description: The term Emotional Intelligence gained popularity after the release of the book “Emotional Intelligence” by science journalist and psychologist Daniel Goleman. Individuals with high emotional intelligence know better how to manage their emotions in tough situations, consequently, they are more likely to have success in their careers and personal lives. (Goleman, s.d.)

Emotional intelligence (EI) is the ability to monitor one's own and other people's emotions, to discriminate between different emotions and label them appropriately, and to use emotional information to guide thinking and behaviour (Coleman, Andrew (2008)). The roots of the emotional intelligence can be traced to the Charles Darvin work on the importance of emotional expression for survival and adaptation. The term emotional intelligence had first appeared in the german publication Praxis der Kinderpsycologie and Kinderpsychiatrie by Leuner in the year 1966. In it, Leuner discusses about the women rejecting their social roles caused because of their early age separation from their mothers. He suggested that they had low