Emotional Intelligence Model: Four Types Of Emotional Intelligence

The author states, “Emotional intelligence is your ability to recognize and understand emotions in yourself and others, and your ability to use this awareness to manage your behavior and relationships” (p. 17). EQ lays the foundation for many skills, such as, time management, communication, assertiveness, customer service, anger management, stress tolerance, and many other aspects of our life each day. Although our emotions will play an eminent role in our daily life, improved EQ skills will teach us to better control our emotions and keep our emotions from controlling our actions or behaviors. Additionally, we will learn how to better interact with others and build better and stronger relationships.

Emotions are used in our everyday lives help us understand and comprehend a situation. The way we feel can affect the way we think through a situation and the situation that we make. Our emotions are expressed when we play sports, when a loved one dies, or when we see our newly born baby for the first time. Emotions are a state of consciousness like joy, sorrow, fear, hate, and love. Whenever we are presented with a situation, our brain responds in feelings, and our feeling determine what will happen next.

Emotional intelligence is the ability of a person to recognize and assess their, and others’ emotions. It enables an individual to distinguish between the different sentiments they exhibit and being able to label them. The theory of Emotional Intelligence (EI) was originally developed by psychologists Howard Gardner, Peter Salovey and John Mayer. Later, a science journalist, Daniel Goleman identified and came up with five domains of emotional intelligence:

Emotional intelligence involves the ability to perceive accurately, appraise, and express emotion; the ability to access and/or generate feelings when they facilitate thought; the ability to

Perceptual view of emotions is also also called appraisal theory and asserts that subjective perceptions shape what external phenomena mean to us.  These events have no meaning and they only gain meaning if we attribute significance to them.

Managing human emotions plays a critical role in everyday functioning. After years of lively debate on the significance and validity of its construct, emotional intelligence (EI) has generated a robust body of theories, research studies, and measures (Stough, Saklofske, & Parker). There has been work and many ideas by Jack Mayer, Peter Salovey, David Caruso, Daniel Goleman, and Steve Hein to name a few. All researchers have different interpretations of the term emotional intelligence and different visions of what emotional intelligence can mean for humanity (Hein, 2005). In 1985 Wayne Leon Payne, then a graduate student at an alternative liberal arts college in the USA, wrote a doctoral dissertation which included the term “emotional intelligence” in the title. This seems to be the first academic use of the term “emotional intelligence.” In the next five years no one else seems to have used the term “emotional intelligence” in any academic paper. Then in 1990 the work of two American university professors, John Mayer and Peter Salovey, was published in two academic journal articles. Mayer and Salovey were trying to develop a way of scientifically measuring the difference between people’s ability in the area of emotions. They found that some people were better than others at things like identifying their own feelings, identifying the feelings of others, and solving problems involving emotional issues. Since 1990 these professors

2. Reasoning with Emotions: This involves using emotions to promote thinking and cognitive activity. Emotions help prioritize what we pay attention and react to; we respond emotionally to things that grab our attention.

Emotional intelligence was described formally by (Salovey & Mayer). They defined it as ‘the ability to monitor one’s own and others’ feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them and to use this information to guide one’s thinking and actions’. They also provided an initial empirical demonstration of how an aspect of emotional

Emotional Intelligence is defined as a ‘type of social intelligence that involves the ability to monitor one’s own and other’s emotions, to discriminate among them and to use the information to guide one’s thinking and actions’ (Salovey and Mayer, 1990: 189). According to Goleman (2001), ‘emotional intelligence comprises of 4 key components which are, Self

The study asked respondents two tasks in each of the four branches, whereby a complete emotional intelligence analysis of the participant would be determined. The first branch consisted of the respondent’s ability to “identify emotions in numerous faces, as well as identifying emotions conveyed by landscapes and designs” (200). Branch 2 measured “sensations for which participants compare emotions to other tactile and sensory stimuli, and identifying the emotion that best fits a type of thinking” (200). The third branch was a measurement of the “ability to know under what circumstances emotional intensity lessens and increases, and identifying the emotions that are involved in more complex affective states” (200). The last branch measured both Emotion Management and Emotional Relationships, “which presents participants with hypothetical situations and asks if the situation would maintain or change their feelings, as well as asking participants how to manage others’ feelings so that a desired outcome is achieved,” respectively (200). The results of the study showed that the experiment had an overall reliability of r=.91 or .93, depending on if it was an expert or general consensus scoring, meaning that the scorer is either a professional in deciphering “better and worse” test answers, or if scoring is based on an

Picture a world where humans could not understand each other’s feelings. It looks pretty bleak, right? Luckily, humans do have the ability to comprehend others’ facial and body expressions, emotions, and language. Since this is such a beneficial and amazing power that we hold, it has been labeled as a sort of intelligence- emotional intelligence. The ability to control and express our emotions, as well as understand, recognize, and response to others’ emotions is essential. Emotional intelligence acts as a primary key to survival for humans.

The term emotional intelligence can be dated back to the early 1980’s, where it was referred to as theory of multiple intelligences. In 1990 John Mayer and Peter Salovey introduce the revised multiple intelligence, which was emotional intelligence. In 1995, Daniel Goleman believed and published emotional intelligence could mean more than the popular IQ test. Emotional intelligence is always changing, which makes it a controversial tool that is used to measure personality traits, skills and abilities (Salem Press Encyclopedia of Health, 2016). Emotional Intelligence tests can be categorized into three different categories. The first being ability based models; this one is a self-report test and consists of a four branch model. These four branches are; understand emotions, use emotions to facilitate thought, perceive emotions, and manage

To some persons, emotional intelligence is defined as study which looks for human cognitive abilities beyond traditional academic intelligence, (Zeidner et al., 2004). Researchers have categorized their definition based on the either an ability model or mixed model. Based on the Mandell and Phewanti (2003)’s ability model, “emotional intelligence is defined as a set of abilities that involves perceiving and reasoning abstractly with information that emerges from feelings” (p. 389). Studies of John D. Mayer and Peter Salovey (1997) have supported this model stating that emotional intelligence is defined as “the ability to perceive accurately, appraise, and express emotion; the ability to access and/or generate feelings when they facilitate thought; the ability to understand emotion and emotional knowledge; and the ability to regulate emotions to promote emotional and intellectual growth” (p. 35). In addition, Mayer, Salovey, and Caruso (2004) gave the definition of the emotional intelligence as “the capacity to

Emotions comprises of feelings involving physiological responses (sadness, happiness, cry) and cognitions (assessments of the meaning of emotion, learning about ourselves from our emotions). Relatedly, intelligence is important as it refers to think and reason about information (Maltby, Day, & Macaskill, 2013). This essay will discuss whether emotional intelligence (EI) is a set of abilities, or a mix of abilities and traits.

The parameters for assessing one’s own emotional intelligence are mainly pegged on the ability to accurately interpret other people’s emotions and being able to design suitable responses. More importantly, emotional intelligence hinges on our ability to read