En Masse Retraction

Open bite malocclusion is either inherited or due to habits, that may persist for a long period. Treating an open bite malocclusion is challenging, as it requires a high patient compliance and good orthodontist knowledge and experience, which could be decisive in choosing a suitable treatment plan. After treating open bite patients, for example, using a palatal crib and a chin cup, only a significant extrusion of the incisors, as well as an increase in the overbite and the exposure of the maxillary incisors will be gained, and no significant changes in the level of eruption of the molars, with no real or relative intrusion of these teeth, skeletal changes, or a significant growth inhibition of the lower anterior face height, closure of the

Patients with dentofacial deformity require an orthognathic surgery for an improved facial profile and a correction of skeletal malocclusion and asymmetry. The improvement of mastication, speech, and swallowing functions as well as facial esthetic and psychosocial factors can be used to motivate these patients before the surgery .

If the jaw is small, teeth may grow in crowded or crooked… if there is too much space in the jaw, the teeth may drift out of place” (Holht par. 4). Malocclusion, or a bad bite, can be categorized as an orthodontic complex issue because it can cause severe consequences. Fortunately, malocclusion can be treated with traditional orthodontic braces because they work slowly to shift the teeth in the correct position, thus fixing the alignment of the jaw. Realigning the upper and lower jaws back into place is difficult. Despite this, orthodontic braces are recommended as they would treat this issue. Alignment of the teeth is also a complex orthodontic issue, Dr.Steven M. Dater from Steven M. Dater Dentistry suggests that “Braces can fix the position of the teeth, as well as correcting the bite. Braces are the best option if you are dealing with a severe bite problem, or other complex treatment is needed” (Dater par. 2). This shows that even severe crowding of the teeth can be treated with braces as they would drift the teeth back into place.Crowding of the teeth, or too many teeth in a certain place, cause the teeth to be pushed together furthermore making the appearance not

The treatment is based on the bases that diagnosing and treating cases of malocclusions at an early, discovery stage can go a long way to stem the problem. Today’s interceptive orthodontics treatment has done a lot to phase out permanent removal of teeth to correct the bite and late orthodontic treatment which traditionally began at around age 12 to 14. The treatment also reduces treatment time, creates and preserves space for the un-erupted teeth and creates a facial symmetry through fine jaw bone resetting. Children who undergo this phased treatment are often treated at age between 7 and 11 to take advantage of the continued teeth growth. The treatment at this age is much easier because the patient’s are much more receptive to the treatment thus ensuring better end

Class II malocclusion is one of the most common problems in orthodontics, with an estimated one-third of all orthodontic patients treated for this condition.1 Many treatment options are available for the correction of Class II malocclusion, depending on what part of the craniofacial skeleton is affected.2, 3

For humans, teeth appear to be a continual source of discomfort. Aside from the intense pain of a cavity or toothache, there are a lot of problems with the way teeth develop. Malocclusion is the growing of teeth out of position in the upper and lower jaws. This condition can cause a swollen disfigured face, or a lopsided smile. Adults are supposed to have thirty-two teeth, spaced regularly throughout the top and bottom jaw. When the jaw closes, your teeth should all be aligned in a specific way, so that they fit together accurately. The word orthodontics comes from the Greek word orthos, which means straight, and the Latin word dens, meaning tooth. (Dowswell 26)

Based on the results of the trial, the researchers concluded that there was an average of 0.9 ± 0.1mm in the maxilla and 0.7 ± 0.2mm in the mandible, which was consistent with literature values. the researchers found an increase in MBL in female patients with ages ranging from 51-60 years old. This is believed to be correlated to the onset of menopause. Lastly, it is speculated that due to the greater density of the mandibular bone, it can withstand greater loading intensity over the maxilla. The data produced by this clinical trial describes the importance of taking into consideration the characteristics of the patient and location of the implant. The researchers claimed no conflicts of interest within the

In treatment planning there are two approaches to follow (2)- conformative and reorganised. In providing treatment with an occlusal element, one of the first questions to be decided is whether the aim is to maintain the same occlusion during treatment. If the pre-treatment occlusion is to be preserved then it is described as confirmative approach. Some dental treatment will inevitably change the patients' occlusion, this is known as the reorganised approach for example in the most major restorative and all orthodontic

The radiography, intraoral exam, and dental cast are taken upon presence of patient. Her intraoral examination has shown mild to moderate level of plaque and little calculus present throughout the mouth. From her panoramic and bite wing radiography, the patient is missing numbers 1, 16 and 32; and number 7 is congenitally missing. There are amalgam restorations on numbers 2 (MO class II), 13 (MO class II), 20 (OD class II) and 18 (O class II). She has composite restorations on numbers 4, 28, 29, and 30. She has PFM crowns on numbers 2, 3, 12, 14, and 15 with endodontic treatment on each. Moreover, she has PFM crowns on number 15, 19 and 30 without endodontic treatment and has PFM bridge between numbers 5 and 7. Radiography examination shows

Traumatic dental injuries are the most common of all the facial injuries and majorly involve maxillary incisors because of its position in the arch (4). Luxation injuries occur commonly in the primary dentition and mainly due to the resiliency of the alveolar bone (5). Treatment decisions for primary teeth are based on the degree of displacement, root formation and the ability of the child to cope with the emergency situation. Immediate repositioning and stabilization of laterally luxated teeth in their anatomic position are essential for the healing of periodontal ligament and to maintain esthetics and functional integrity (6, 7). Indications for extraction are severe injury or if the tooth is nearing exfoliation.

Introduction: Conventional endodontic procedures require precise knowledge of anatomic structures which are in close proximity to the apex of roots.This becomes even more important when endodontic surgical information is required more importanatly in maxillary posterior teeth because of close proximity of their roots with maxillary sinus floor. Objectives: To assess the spatial relationships between the maxillary second pre-molar, maxillary first molar,maxillary second molar with the maxillary sinus floor using cone beam computed tomography in a group of patients referred to department of Oral Medicine, Diagnosis and Radiology (OMDR). Method: Sixty Full volume Cone beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans of the patients were examined. The distances between the examined roots (buccal,mesio-buccal, disto-buccal and palatal) as well as furcations, and the sinus floor, were evaluated using cone beam computed tomography, and grouped as follows:class 1: distance = 2 mm or more into the sinus; class 2: distance= 0 to 2 mm into sinus; class 3: distance = 0 mm; class 4: 0 mm < distance < 2 mm; class 5: 2 mm ≤distance < 4 mm; class 6: 4 mm ≤ distance < 6 mm; class 7: 6 mm ≥ distance.

2007) the effect of changing mandibular position on body posture and reciprocally, body posture on mandibular position was assessed. They evaluate forty-five asymptomatic subjects and randomly assigned to two groups. The MatScan system was used to measure the changes in body posture (center of foot pressure: COP) while subjects maintained 5 different mandibular positions: rest, centric occlusion, clinical; midline position with labial frena, placebo wax appliance and right eccentric mandibular position. The scan was used to analyze occlusal forces distribution in two different postural positions: with or without a heel lift under the right foot. They concluded that changing jaw position affected body posture and body posture affected jaw position as

Maxillary retrusion is often seen in patients with repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). The main cause of anteroposterior maxillary growth deficiency is almost certainly from surgical repair of the hard palate 10, 11. This growth disturbance is believed to result primarily from postoperative scarring in growth-sensitive areas of the palate 12.

Background: the proportion of teeth is related to facial coordination. If the width length ratio is large, the shape of the teeth will look square, and if the ratio is close to 1, then the teeth will look close to the square, more suitable for round faces. Conversely, if the width ratio is too small, then the tooth shape is more slender, more suitable for longer face type crowd. The width of the crown of the front teeth can be extended to determine whether the proportion of teeth is appropriate and whether or not it needs improvement. Crown to root ratio is the most direct index to describe the anatomic morphology of teeth, and has a great reference value for guiding the work of oral clinicians and treating dental diseases. The morphology of

Preservation of deciduous dentition till its normal time of exfoliation plays a significant role in preventive and interceptive dentistry. The premature loss of second primary molar before the eruption of permanent first molar can create a significant arch space/tooth size discrepancy. The function of the space maintainer is to preserve the arch length and allows the permanent teeth to erupt uunhindered into proper alignment and occlusion because just “watching” often results in the creation of a more difficult arch length problem. Distal shoe space maintainer is a valuable part of the Paediatric Dentist’s armamentarium in those cases where the second primary molar is prematurely lost and it helps to guide the first permanent molar into place.sometimes as per needs of the patients, certain modifications are required in the conventional appliance design. This paper aims to present a distal shoe appliance when there is a unilateral loss of both primary first and second molars prior to the eruption of permanent first molar.