Encrypting Machines During World War Two

What role did Allied codebreakers have in the outcome of World War II? Though cryptography did not decide the outcome of World War II, it was very successful in shortening the war. In the Pacific theatre, the Americans broke several codes, including the PURPLE and JN25 codes. Though they were unable to anticipate the Pearl Harbor attack, codebreaking did benefit the Americans at the Battle of Midway and with the assassination of Yamamoto. In Europe, the Allies worked together against Germany to break the ENIGMA naval code, allowing the Allies to maintain superiority in the Battle of the Atlantic. Breaking the Japanese and German codes allowed the Allies to gain an advantage in both theatres, bringing about a resolution to the war. From World

During World War II, the Germans used a type of code that is almost impossible to break. They used this code to communicate between each other and would get directions of where to go and also state where their locations are through that code. What made that code unique was the way that they used it. The way their code worked would be that someone would write a letter in a machine, and then the machine would print a coded version of the message. But that was not the worst part of it. At the end of every day, they would change the key to the messages, all at the same time in a synchronized manner. The way that the Enigma machine was built made it even more complicated to understand. “There are approximately 150,000,000,000,000 - that is, 150 million million - possible combination” (Claire Ellis “Exploring the Enigma”). Alan Turing started working in a

5 remarkable British scientists had gotten their hands on an actual Enigma machine smuggled out of Berlin. They had put tremendous effort into decoding the Nazi's messages by using their cryptanalytic abilities but had failed because of the lack of information on the machine's

Technologies based on ideas from the First World War have changed the way countries defend and attack during wartime through the mechanization of warfare, chemical warfare, and war transportation.

The Allies used Ultra greatly throughout the course of WW2. As mentioned earlier, Ultra benefited the Allies as it provided them with information about the Axis’ powers such as locations of where they would attack next or even supply lists. The Battle of the Atlantic was an event where the use of Alan Turing’s work paid dividends. At this point, Alan Turing and his crew were now dealing with the Naval Enigma, which had been more difficult to decrypt as the naval enigma developed over the course of the war. There were several instances where the Allies were able to capture Naval Enigma settings, which benefited Turing and the code breakers as they would not have to waste time using the bombes to acquire the key settings. The Allies captured a German ship called the Krebs, which contained naval Enigma machines, and codebooks, which provided the key settings for the previous month. It was suggested that the Allies

The Code Talker’s played a major role in World War two. They developed codes that were very difficult to crack, and they were unable to tell anyone about it. The group developed a code that made it so Japanese military cryptologists could not solve it, which resulted in helping the Allies win the war. They used their native language to create codes as a weapon in the war. In the end, these codes were a major key role in winning World War two, and it made history.

“the keyboard for inputting letters, the scrambler unit for encrypting the letters and the lamp board for displaying the enciphered letters” (Lendl). In order to break the Enigma Machine, the code breakers had to find the daily settings that the German used and understand them. However, it is important to know that Polish cryptographers already broke the Enigma machine in 1932 as Marian Rejewski reconstructed a replica of the Enigma i.e. Bomba machine. However, Turing used Rejewski’s ideas and improved the bombe machine so that the machine could go through all the possible combinations of the Enigma rapidly (Lendl). The polish Bomba inspired Alan Turing for the construction of his own Bombe machine. The Bombe machine was crucial for the breaking of Enigma’s signals. This machine is not considered as a computer and does not perform calculation, but was designed “to carry out a systematic search to determine the following components of an Enigma key: the rotor order, the ‘rotor core starting positions’, and some of the ‘steckers’” (Carter). Due to the work of the Bletchley Park codebreakers, the United Kingdom had access to the German communications and could predict future naval attacks, this allowed the prevention of several

During the wars , american soldiers would communicate through code. The problem with the code was that it was easily deciphered by enemies.

Herbert Yardley’s efforts in the early 1900s set the foundation for modern cryptology and the establishment of today’s cryptologic agencies, such as the National Security Agency (NSA) (Lowenthal, 2000c). Yardley’s deciphering of Latin American and Japanese code established the need for cryptanalysts, not only for military use, but diplomatic as well. The Cipher Bureau – Yardley’s organization – provided the setting to utilize deciphering and coding to provide intelligence and security for the United States (US) (Powe & Wilson, 1973). The use of cryptology in the early twentieth century by Yardley and his team provides the setting for the establishment of modern intelligence agencies, intelligence processes, and security practices.

operations on the Eastern Front (Enigma Key Broken). The Germans thought there code was too

To begin, thanks to WW1, WW2, and many other wars, humans have been able to advance and invent new types of technology, which helped them in war, as well as in one’s ordinary life. For instance, throughout WW1, there was an introduction to a variety types of resources such as tanks, poisonous gas, flame throwers, airplane, and different types of vehicles. More importantly, the invention of wireless communication during this time, was the start of the telephone industry, which is still advancing. Provided that, these types of creations assisted the Allies to win both WW1 and WW2, as they further enhanced previous inventions. In a like manner, WW2 (1939-1945) was just as important as WW1, however, due to this war humans were able to produce one of the many crucial discoveries in civilization. For example, one of the most vital tools that was used during WW2 and present day is radar. This exceptional discovery allowed one to use radio waves to detect objects at a distance and attack their opponents in advance. Above all, one of invention used by mostly everyone in the world, is electronic computers and was developed by the british to break the Nazi’s enigma code. Equally importantly, during WW2, hospitals were able to save more lives, as a result of the discovery of different medications and assistance of technology to figure out the problem with one’s body. In

The new technoligies introdused into wourld war one affected the way that wars were fought because the technoligies have mutured and were very deadly. this made it hard for enemies to make new battle plans because they never delt with this type of war. thene they would make new wepons to counter your wepons and the cycal

The U.S. military has been around since the early days of the United States. They have always been there to provide protection for its citizens. Many people are against war, but most can appreciate what soldiers do to protect this country. Military actions are not cheap though because of the equipment and technology that is required to do their job. The military is a certain service that the United States has needed throughout history, and it is still needed today. Because the military in the United States is undervalued, people need to be informed how important the military is to this country.

This paper will discuss the actions taken by Allied forces during the Battle of Cassino that were both beneficial and detrimental to their cause, and provide an alternate outcome had the Enigma Machine not been available. I will conduct a battle analysis for each of the four attacks made during the first battle and provide lessons learned that still applies today in modern warfare.

Spies had to be able to communicate with each other and get information back to their headquarters, so they had many way to get their messages to people. One simple, but effective way to do this was the spike letter box. It was a spike with a hollow core so you could roll up a piece of paper and stick it into it. The spike was then put into the ground by a predetermined sign or into a fence post. This allowed the spies to hide information for pick up in plain site.