Endocardial Infarction Paper

3. Describe the blood flow of the heart and the correct locations the blood enters and exits.

In December of 1992, my paternal grandfather suffered a heart attack. He had been hauling several 50 lb. sacks of corn up into the deer feeder on his property by himself. He got into his truck, turned the ignition, put it into drive and before he could take his foot off the brake, he was dead. He was 68 years old. I was thirteen and that seemed so old. I remember that prior to the event there were many conversations within my family about the condition of my grandfather’s heart and cardiovascular system and how he needed to make lifestyle changes. I remember him taking nitroglycerine pills. I remember him coming to Dallas to go to an appointment so that they could perform tests with names like “stress EKG.” I

A 30cm piece of thread was placed around the heart at the Atrioventricular groove (AV groove) and tied in a knot but left loose so as to not interrupt the normal function of the heart. The heart was allowed to beat for about 15 seconds with no pressure. After 15 seconds the knot was slowly tightened while taking care to stay on the AV groove while tightening. Data was observed and recorded.

How does the structure of cardiac myocytes and intercalated disks follow the function of cardiac muscle tissue

One of the complications of an acute MI is Left Ventricular Aneurysm (LVA) which is a localized area of myocardium with abnormal outward bulging and deformation during systole and diastole. The epidemiology occurs in 10-30% of patients after an acute MI (American Heart Association 2015). The risk factors include total occlusion of the LAD artery, females and an anterior MI. To prevent this, early revascularization is needed. The LVAs usually range from 1-8 cm.

In this lab, we dissected a sheep heart. We observed the external characters of the heart including the arteries, veins, and apex of the heart. We identified the apex of the heart and we concluded that it was at the bottom point of the heart. We then started dissection of the

The model is capable to simulate small modifications in the heart, from the cellular and tissue levels, up to the whole heart.

After patients have gone through heart disease, like any other injury, therapeutic steps must be taken. Therapy and rehabilitation of damaged hearts has been improved through the utilization of stem cells. Therapy includes strengthening of the damaged area as to prevent the incident from reoccurring and getting the patient back to their normal life. Scientists, again, used rats that had had induced myocardial infarctions. This

Cine MRI provides superior endocardial border definition to echocardiography, for a more accurate wall motion assessment (11). The technician can calculate left ventricular function manually, or with a semi-automated setting. Similar to echocardiography, the Simpson disk method can be used with the MRI cine to trace the endocardial boarders (7). However, with cardiac MRI this method is done in a short axis view and applied to each individual slice giving a 3D left ventricular volume. By tracing the entire cavity, there is no need to make assumptions as to the shape and size (7). The addition of cine images to MRI has proven to be a valuable diagnostic imaging advancement as it has increased the specificity for diagnosis of ischemic myocardium to 87%

Local cardiac preconditioning or postconditioning has been shown to have direct cardioprotective effects against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. Likewise, remote ischemic pre- or post-conditioning is a phenomenon whereby brief episodes of short periods of ischemia/reperfusion stimuli executed in distant tissues or organs may exert protective effects in the heart and render the myocardium more tolerant to a subsequent sustained episode of ischemia or reperfusion injury. Studies have shown that this remote cardioprotective trigger can be used in distant vascular beds (lower and upper limbs, cerebral, renal, mesenteric, intestinal, renal and abdominal arteries)1. However, it is unclear whether brief ischemic conditioning of visceral organs such as the liver, the largest metabolic organ in the body, can produce cardioprotection. A few reports have shown that liver

We present an automatic pipeline to perform in-silico studies of cardiac electrophysiology in virtual populations. In contrast to many publications, the focus is on creating a model which parametrised by a virtual population rather than a highly detailed single case study. The advantage is the possibility to study changes between subjects and the dependency of pathologies on shape, i.e. re-entry tachycardia. As an example the coverage of the endocardium by the cardiac Purkinje network (PN) is explored in dependency of the morphological variability of the heart.

After a heart attack, the heart is unable to regenerate cardiac muscle cells known as myocytes which diminishes the heart’s pump function. The heart tries to heal itself by changing the damaged or dead heart muscle cells into scar tissue. However, the scar tissue cannot function as a muscle so it does not contribute to the cardiac contractile force. Overtime, this leads to a greater burden on the remaining viable heart muscle which eventually leads to heart failure. Current treatments such as autologous grafting and commercially available fillers incur donor-site morbidity and volume loss over time. Other transplantation therapies do not directly address the loss of cardiac myocytes, which leads to the drive for more research in cardiac regeneration.

Pericardial effusion appears as anechoic stripe that is surrounding heart (Fig.26). Smaller effusions appear as a thin stripe in the pericardial space, frequently not spreading fully around the heart and often layering out posteriorly with gravity

Earlier reports have shown that 3D gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) angiography can successfully demonstrate left atrial and distal pulmonary venous anatomy (1–4); however, many atrial fibrillation patients have pacemakers or defibrillators and cannot undergo MR angiography. Initially, we developed a 3D multi–detector row computed tomographic (CT) technique to image the left atrium and pulmonary veins in patients with atrial fibrillation who were to undergo RFCA and who had pacemakers or defibrillators (5). Subsequently, over an approximately 3-year period, we evaluated the pulmonary venous and left atrial anatomy in 50 patients without atrial fibrillation and in over 100 patients with atrial fibrillation prior to their undergoing RFCA. In the vast majority of cases, we used 3D multi–detector row CT, reserving MR

Home: Where the Heart Is – An outline and tour of the heart from Franklin Institute.