Endogeneity Child Development

Neurodevelopmental test scores differ between both genders; preclinical evidence suggests a potential gender specific vulnerability for anesthetic neurotoxicity (86). Further, male gender is related to an increased incidence of PS and inguinal hernia repair (64, 65).

As well as chronological age, children and young peopleâ€TMs development is affected by many other factors:

Chapter nine in Ringel and Brandell book deal with the trauma that could develop among gay males. This paper will explore childhood and adolescence period. According to Ringel and Brandell the trauma evolve in relation to the larger life development, called “traumas of development.” That could lead to narcissistic injuries that inhibit the self-structure that displayed in a range of defensive behaviors. In addition it could happened together with different issues of early development (pp. 171-172).

The collapse of Communism, and the resulting attempts to institute Western-style democracy and markets, brought immense uncertainty to the former Soviet bloc (and non-aligned Yugoslavia). Though the end of communism was welcomed by the vast majority of people, the question of what comes next, and how what has come next is any better, has vexed the former communist countries of Eastern Europe. Each country has adapted to the transition with varying degrees of success. Slavenka Drakulic explores this transition, and the difficulties that have come with it, in A Guided Tour Through the Museum of Communism.

A child’s physical development can vary greatly from its environment; these things would include exposure during pregnancy, the child’s diet, and physical activity. Even during pregnancy the environment around a child has a huge effect on their growth. Exposures during pregnancy is when a mother has been exposed towards drugs, stress, poor nutrition, and other things the mother could be associated with. Many studies have shown that “Maternal smoking has also been linked to miscarriage, premature birth, and low birth weight.” “Children’s Medical Services.” Infant Toddler Development Training. Floridahealth online 2012 Web. 27 January 2016. Teratogens or other exposures such as these during pregnancy can a have a permanent impact this child’s entire life. Another factor that can affect a child’s growth is their nutrition. While a child is growing what they eat influence their: weight, height, and energy. An example would be “If a mother is malnourished it is likely the baby will be born malnourished, or worse, be born prematurely, suffer from low birth weight, or die soon after birth.”

From an early age children are easily influenced by their surroundings and upbringing. Children need to be nurtured especially in there early years as they are some of the most significant years of their lives. While usually the parents are the best caregivers for their children, some circumstances often require that some parents look for part-time or full-time care services.

If a child’s development is delayed or affected in one area, its more than likely others areas of development will also be affected. For example a child’s who first language is not English in a nursery or school where most children and teachers do speak English, the language barrier will have an effect on that child’s development. The other children may find it difficult to interact with them causing them to not make an effect to communicate with them. This will then cause the child who does not speak English to develop low self-esteem and can feel like an outsider. Another example of how one aspect of development can affect other areas of development is when a child does not find it easy to share his toys. This can create problems with social

Comparisons between countries and regions before and after the advent of capitalism in Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Europe as well as a comparison of Cuba and the ex-communist countries provide us with an adequate basis to draw some definitive conclusions. Fifteen years of "transition to capitalism" is more than adequate time to judge the performance and impact of capitalist politicians, privatizations, free market policies and other restoration measures on the economy, society and general welfare of the population.

Biological development processes impact child development in various ways. Biological issues in development have been associated with genetic dispositions as children may be more prone to an anxious temperament and depression among other disorders if a history of the disorder runs in their family. In addition, abnormalities in the brain, prenatal difficulties, and birth complications can affect a plethora of mental processes such as speech, cognition, memory and language, which makes it harder for children to learn and adapt to society. Many of these biological issues can cause a plethora of disorders such as conduct disorder, fetal alcohol syndrome, attention deficient hyperactivity disorder and intellectual disabilities which can have detrimental

There are many external factors that can influence a child’s development one being the environment a child is brought up in such as if a child becomes a career for a younger sibling and most of his or hers time is spent looking after them because the parent is unable to do this themselves because of illness or maybe even neglect. Another factor can be bullying making the child not want to learn and may withdraw from activities that are there to help them develop skills they need because they do not want to draw attention to themselves. Thirdly and something that is being introduced to children at a younger age is technology, technology can be a good thing when used in the right way such as educational computers specially designed for their

Ecological systems theory illustrated how social relationships and the world around individual effected their development. This perspective was develop by Urie Bronfenbrenner who examine the constitutional qualities of children and their interaction in environment and how this interaction impact on a child development. As a result, Bronfenbrenner develop five model of external influence on child development. In contrast, to the five model are Microsystem an immediate environment which a child lives, Mesosystem the connections in different microsystem, Exosystem the indirect environment which may exist between two or more settings. Marcrosystem which is the social and cultural values that influence children and also Chronosystem the changes

There are many risk factors that affect the development and adjustment of a child, such as poverty, bullying and divorce. Over the past years, divorce rates have risen and become a more normal occurrence. Despite the growing normalcy, this risk factor plays an important role in not only a child’s future, but their present physical and psychological disposition. It has been established that exposure to marital conflict and violence is linked with negative emotional and behavioral problems. Both internalizing emotions and externalizing behavioral symptoms are common for children that come from homes with marital conflict. Internalized conditions include disorders like anxiety and depression. This is typically more common in girls than boys,

Not surprisingly Germany, like many other countries, has different types of people and work in different parts of the country. Nothing exemplifies this better than East and West Germany. The country originally split into four sections after the collapse of Germany in WWII. Each world superpower (United States, France, Britain, and Soviet Union) had a section of the country. In 1946, reparation talks broke down between the Soviet Union and western sections which made the Americans, French, and British merge their areas into what is called the west. The west’s mission was to revive the German economy, and this scared the Soviet Union because the merging of these sections and them working together would give them more power than they had in the

According to the UNICEF, an alarming number of children around the world who are convicted for various crimes are usually deprived of their needs and rights and held in detention without sufficient care. While the condition stresses on the improvement of these children, still there are issues of severe deprivation. Moreover, most of them are not been liked and yet are being held for months, often without access to legal aids, resulting that the majority of children come to conflicts with law. Some of these children are from the disadvantaged populations who are criminalized for simply lying for survival. Frequently, the children are held under deplorable and inhumane conditions.

The transformation from state socialism to liberal democracy since 1989 was accompanied by fundamental shifts in the material conditions of society and daily life. Many Eastern European countries have been transformed into market economies and liberal democracies. They have been assimilated into NATO and the European Union. However, both the economy and the political transformations have been radical. This is because the changeover from socialism to capitalism in most Eastern European countries was without precedent (Swain, 2011).