Endoscopic Techniques

Patients with other abdominal anomalies may have an increased risk for intestinal atresia. For example, children with gastroschisis may also have intestinal atresia, and they should be examined for it (Bauman & Nanagas, 2015). The authors described a case of a neonatal child who was immediately diagnosed and treated for gastroschisis. However, the patient never had a bowel movement after surgical correction. By the fourth week without a bowel movement, an exploratory laparotomy was performed, and the child was diagnosed with intestinal atresia. Unfortunately, about 8 centimeters of small bowel was resected due to ill-appearance, but bowel to bowel anastomosis was performed. Interestingly, the patient still did not have a bowel movement, and

An upper endoscopy is known as an EGD and it is when a thin scope with a light and a camera at the end of it. This looks at the inside of the upper digestive tract which includes the esophagus, stomach, and first part of the small intestine, called the duodenum. An EGD can be used to identify several causes such as abdominal or chest pain, nausea and vomiting, heartburn, bleeding, and swallowing problems. It can also help to find inflammation, ulcers, and tumors. The endoscope can also help treat abnormalities such as polyps which are growths of tissue in the stomach and these can be removed and biopsied to find out if they are cancerous. Also obstructions stuck in the esophagus can be removed and bleeding from ulcers, cancer can be treated with the endoscope.

Our endoscope center has 400 square meters. We offers many state-of-the-art Endoscopy procedures to help diagnose and treat disorders of the digestive tract, esophagus, colon, and lungs. Our highly trained staff of nurses, physicians, technicians, and support staff provide comprehensive and compassionate care to all of our patients. Our goal is to achieve quality patient outcomes. We focus on your individual needs to provide a safe and comfortable procedure.

Gastroscopy is the procedure of choice for diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and is done using endoscopy (Fischbach, 2014).

Based on the Current Science Inc. the occurrences of the pseudo-obstruction is because of continues dilation of the right colon and abdominal distension. The syndrome is very rare, but the complication occurrence is high for patients who undergo the major surgical procedure and those that have taken serious medication. Because of its rarity, experts find it difficult to record the exact prevalence, only an estimate of approximately 0.10% for patients who underwent surgery, only 0.05 for patients with trauma, and only 0.3% for patients who suffered from critical burns. It is also more common for the elderly men patients (Tack, J. 2006).

Once the wire is confirmed to be in proper positioning, the cannulation device is advanced into position and radiopaque contrast agent is inject from which a subsequent cholangiogram or pancreatogram may be obtained to assess abnormalities and allow for the proper therapeutic interventions to be introduced. For instance, biliary sphincterotomy may be performed in cases of gallstones to ease the passage of stones through the bile duct. In cases of biliary stricture, a stent may be introduced to alleviate the secondary obstruction.

In our opinion, the sensitivity of ultrasonography in the study of chronic intestinal diseases suffers from the study methodology. Intestinal loops can not be studied without the administration of an oral solution that widen the lumen and a bowel loop analysis can not be carried out without using a high frequency probe. In recent years there has been an improvement in the diagnostic accuracy of US in the study of digestive diseases, due to the technological progress of ultrasound equipment.

The patient is 69-year-old gentleman who presents to the ED complaining of rectal bleeding which has been present for about the past week. He claims past for large amount of bloody stool in the ED. His stool is guaiac is positive. There is no evidence of hemorrhoids. Work up in the ED reveals him as an abdominal CAT scan to have cholelithiasis but no acute cholecystitis. There is a cystic-appearing structure within the proximal pancreatic body and some colonic diverticular disease and he has a large right inguinal hernia with multiple nondilated loops of small bowel, nonobstructive. There is some mild elevation of his troponin therefore he was admitted acutely inpatient. Hemoglobin and hematocrit are stable and remained stable. I discussed

Endoscopic examination. In this procedure, the doctor examines the oesophagus, and stomach using a flexible tube with a camera on the tip (endoscope).

Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a blockage that keeps food or liquid from passing through the small intestine or large intestine. It can be partial or complete. This disorder is very irritable and causes many discomforts like abdominal cramping, fever, “Abdominal pain, abdominal distention, nausea, and vomiting are the usual signs and symptoms of SBO” (Barzegari, et al. 2016, p. 201). According to Buttaro et al. (2013), the three differential diagnoses that can be included with this disorder are ischemic colitis, paralytic ileus, and gastroenteritis. Bowel obstruction occurs when the normal flow of intraluminal contents is interrupted. According to Bordeianou, et al. (2016), the pathology that causes the obstruction may be external to the

Perhaps, in no other region of the body does one find more opportunities for effective diagnosis, than in the case of the rectum. Unfortunately, ignorance of methods of analysis and arriving at a clinical diagnosis is surprisingly rampant in most of the recent medical graduates. Those who are coming to the hospitals as interns have only a little idea of evenabout the anatomy of the rectum and anus. The frequency with which rectal examination is performed in general practice is inadequate. Up to two-thirds of patients who present have anorectal symptoms do not undergo a rectal examination and are rarely referred to a specialist. It is unfortunate as a third of rectal cancers are palpable, the omission of the routine anorectal examination may lead to delays in referral for resectable malignancy.

“Initial screening abdominal radiographs are indicated to evaluate patients for signs of obstruction, perforation, masses, or findings suggestive of intussusception” (Nelson & Hostetler, 2002). But radiologic x-ray are sometimes nonspecific, so ultrasonography is the imaging modality most commonly used to diagnose intussusception. This study is noninvasive and very quick and it can also use to identify alternative causes of symptoms other than intussusception. One study performed by Usang, Inah, Inyang, and Ekabua (2013), showed that the ultrasound was highly accurate in the diagnosis of intussusception with an experienced tech and its sensitivity was around 87%. One of the major advantage of using ultrasound is the reduced risk of radiation exposure from Computer tomography or x-rays. Contrast enemas have been traditionally used in Intussusception for both diagnostic and therapeutic treatment, one adverse result is the risk of

In a retrospective study in Detroit USA, analysis of 1100 patients with acute LGIB was done, all of whom were admitted to the surgical service of a single urban emergency hospital, Gayer et al determined that the most common etiologies for bleeding in these patients were diverticulosis (33.5%), hemorrhoids (22.5%), and carcinoma (12.7%). The investigators also found that most patients in the study (55.5%) presented with hematochezia, with the next most frequent presentations being maroon stools (16.7%) and melena (11%) 8. In another study that was done at National University Hospital of Iceland during 2010. In this study all patient who underwent colonoscopy were included, 1134 patients underwent 1275 colonoscopies. Overall, 163 patients had ALGIB. The crude incidence for ALGIB was 87/100 000 inhabitants/year. The most common findings were diverticulosis (23%) and ischemic colitis (16%) 3. A difference has been noticed between the West and the subcontinent in the frequency of different findings in patients with rectal bleeding. In Pakistan, lot of studies were done on aetiology and treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding but little work is done on the lower gastrointestinal tract. In a study carried out in 1990 in Pakistan, colonoscopy was performed in patients with lower gastrointestinal tract pathologies. The most common pathologies diagnosed were ulcerative colitis and malignancy, followed by amoebic colitis, while percentage of Crohn’s colitis, polyps and diverticuli were less9. In another study conducted it was determined that the most common cause of rectal bleeding is proctosigmoiditis10. Yet in another study carried out in Karachi using flexible sigmoidoscopy to determine the cause of lower GI bleeding revealed most common findings were hemorrhoids in

It involves swallowing a capsule that’s able to wirelessly transmit images of the gastrointestinal tract — the pathway from the mouth through the oesophagus, stomach, small, and large intestines [2].

Reports point out that the first endoscope was invented in 1805. It consisted of a large tube and a candle. Because it was awkward and huge it had very limited uses. Fiber optics, which came into view in the 1960s, was a key factor in the endoscopy revolution. With fiber optics it actually became feasible for the doctor to observe and record the inside of the patient's body with a small and relatively painless device.