Energy Management in Thermal Power Plants

Water is used in varied resources on a mining site. We can reduce the water amount by redirecting surface water and pumping groundwater. This will change as mining sites can reduce the quantity and quality of the water that is available downstream for marine ecosystems and different business water users principally in places with dry climates.

The Earth is a huge planet this is covered by 70 percent water. Astonishingly from this 70 percent the human population can only use 1 percent of the world’s water the rest of it is salt water, frozen, or in some way unattainable (Santa Clara Valley Water District, 2016). Humans have found many different ways to obtain this 1 percent of fresh water they need, but the techniques vary depending on location. In San Jose, California we obtain our water from 3 major sources: groundwater, imported surface water, and local mountain surface water. These 3 sources contribute different amounts of water to the San Jose community. Imported surface water composes about 50 percent of our water supply, while ground water composes roughly 40 percent, and local mountain surface water composes approximately 10 percent (Santa Jose Water Company, 2016). However, these percentages can change due to factors such as weather and global warming.

As we go throughout life, we use various kinds of energy sources for our needs. Whether it be from solar energy to wind energy, there is a multitude of sources that allow us to do the things we do each and every day. Throughout the world, however, coal and nuclear power have risen to the

Nowadays, coal is still one of the greatest used energy to generate power in so many countries. Using coal in electricity generation is 93% in South African, 87% in Poland, 79% in China, 78% in Australia, 45% in USA, 41% in Germany, 58% in Israel etc. (Coal & Electricity) From the data above, even the developed countries use coal to generate power as the main source. In many developed countries, energy generation is still based on coal as a long-term source. In recent years, although there is an increasing number of equipment using gas and wind to generate the power, it is still lower than the proportion of coal-fired power generation. The reason why most countries choose coal as a main source to generate electricity, is that there are many advantages in using coal to generate electricity. First of all, coal is the

Generating power with gas (as an alternative to coal) and increasing the use of renewable energy sources also seem like very suitable options [9]. Additionally, power generation with the use of wind and tidal energy proves a very convenient alternative to nuclear power generation in London and the UK in general. These sources can deliver twice the amount of electricity as new-age nuclear reactors and would require less time to be implemented, thus the convenience [12].

If residents and corporations throughout the United States continue to frivolously waste water and refuse to make painless changes and upgrades around their homes, it will continue to increase in cost to people across the United States. For example, as a result of the water shortage crisis currently afflicting the southwestern United States, the city of San Diego, California, is currently constructing a desalination plant, located in Carlsbad, California. The idea of a desalination plant is to collect undrinkable saltwater from the ocean and, using reverse osmosis and other filtering techniques, remove the salt to produce clean, potable water (Barnett). However, there are many downsides to relying on desalination practices to provide for a city the size of San Diego. First and foremost, it is considerably more expensive to produce clean drinking water from saltwater as opposed to using regular surface water or groundwater. The act of filtering the water alone can be twice as expensive as traditional filtration methods. In addition, desalination plants consume much more energy than traditional treatment plants, mostly due to the fact that the filtration methods are much more involved. Desalination consumes twice as much power as recycled plants, and four times as much as pumping groundwater (Newell, Roohk and Reardon). For example, the Carlsbad plant alone will require the same amount of electricity as is used to power 125,000 homes in California. However, the biggest

You have expressed interest in exploring the possibilities of using brackish water from several geothermal wells located within 10 miles of the city, as well as exploring the idea of using Texas Gulf seawater as resources for this project. As a team, we agree these sources of water show great potential in helping us design a solution to this problem. Currently, we are exploring the feasibility of efficiently transporting water from these sources to Hidalgo County and using water treatment plants to provide clean and useable water for the residents. With the consideration of feasibility as well as practicality, we have several topics pertinent to the design of this project that must be addressed.

Today, desalination is a common process that's used in seaside cities and towns worldwide. There are more than 15,000 desalination plants around the world providing freshwater from salt and brackish water alike (Planet Green 2011). This number continues to grow as researchers work to improve the process, both in terms of cost effectiveness and energy efficiency (DSE 2011). But countries such as Australia, Israel and even the United States are continually adding desalination plants of various sorts into their water-management portfolios. The facilities are common in North Africa and the Mideast, where freshwater is scarce (Chandler 2008).

-Article 1- Ghaffour, N., M. Missimer, T., & L. Amy, G. (2013). Desalination (Technical review and evaluation of the economics of water desalination: Current and future challenges for better water supply sustainability) (Vol. 309, pp. 197-207). Thuwal.

1. There are two main sources of fresh drinking water, ground water and surface water. Ground water originates from precipitations that usually fall in the form of snow or rain. While, the surface water is also originates from precipitate that reaches the land surface and is then recharged into rivers, wetlands and lakes. Although these systems are usually reliable, in desperate time of need, a more reliable source of water is needed. The desalination plant is extremely valuable and flexible because it does not depend on rainfall. Instead, the desalination plant is the only source that relies on seawater. Using seawater in the desalination plant helps meet the community’s water needs and secures the water needs in the future. While other sources of water, such as rainwater or water from dames are not reliable enough to strictly rely

Toronto Water is the largest energy user in the city of Toronto and has progressively sought to implement capital projects and operational changes to improve energy efficiency while still providing quality water services. One of these completed projects is an energy optimization plan (EOP) that provides a long-term energy management strategy to optimize consumption and cost over the next 20 years. Toronto Water treats and distributes drinking water, conveys and treats wastewater, and manages stormwater. Four drinking water plants treat more than “one billion litres of potable water and distribute it through 22 major pumping stations and 6,000 km of water mains” every day. The EOP focuses on three strategic areas: energy optimization, revenue generation, and innovation in energy.

Water use has become crucial for the many diversified Canadian industries that exist, thus sustaining its supply is essential. The most common industries include manufacturing, mining, oil and gas, and hydroelectric power generation (NRT, 2011). Water use may range from a coolant, a solvent, a dispersant, and a source of hydroelectric energy. Direct surface freshwater withdrawal from sources like rivers and lakes was the source of 61.3% of manufacturers’ water supply (Industrial Water Use, 2009). Pulp and paper industries accounted for 49.8% while the primary metals industries accounted for 31.8% of the surface freshwater withdrawals. Additionally, chemical industries accounted for 8.4% and petroleum and coal industries accounted for 5.6%. Of the total hydroelectric power water intake, 92.1% originates from surface freshwater bodies. Of the total discharge 96.1% goes to surface freshwater bodies, most of which (84.5%) is not treated before discharge, which has detrimental effects on water quality (Industrial Water Use: Analysis , 2008). Thus the overwhelming consumption of freshwater stores and water quality deterioration occurring

Since its opening in 1901, the Virginia Tech Central Steam Plant has played an integral part in producing electricity for the university and the greater Blacksburg area; however, over the past 113 years, the plant has shifted its primary focus from producing electricity to producing steam and hot water for the university. The plant, which uses a mixture of fuels including coal and natural gas, is classified as a “cogeneration” or “combined heat and power” plant. Simply put, this means the facility produces both electricity and steam/heat. Virginia Tech is one of the few universities in the commonwealth that helps to serve the electrical needs of its surrounding community; moreover, it is the only university that supplies the community via a

To begin with, for controlling warm contamination, industrial facilities and force houses ought to make their own particular cooling towers and shower lakes. Along these lines the water can be utilized over and over and the warm contamination can be dispensed with.

Water is used in a variety of applications at mine sites such as the diverting of surface water and the pumping out of groundwater, which is a concern to all living creatures. The waste water runoff in open pit mining, after rain water that flows through the mine, can collect numerous hazardous materials and wash them into nearby streams or rivers. Having a collection well downhill from the mining site can aid in the collection of this waste water runoff, but would only help if the tank never reached an overflow situation. Mining operations can work to reduce the quantity of water used and increase the quality of water available downstream for aquatic ecosystems and other industrial and municipal water users, especially in areas with dry climates. In Canada, mining had one of the highest water recycling rates among the industrial divisions, and between 1996 and 2005 reduced its total water intake around 30%. This drop in the water use happened around the same time that the value of production increased around 45%, meaning that the water intake per dollar of their production had also declined. Water management strategies are being used at most