Executive Summary
In this paper, energy price volatility with regards natural gas will be expounded on the essentials of market requisites. The report explains a number of factors that lead to price differences in the market and price volatility implications to oil and gas companies and industry. Supply and demand factors play a major role in shaping natural gas prices but factors such as war, environment and OPEC contribute to price differentials. Value-at-Risk (VaR) evaluates and quantifies risk for the industry as a risk management tool.
Introduction
Global economy is driven by energy markets. Energy does not only play a significant role in consumer products but also an important input in nearly all the industries. (Efimova O. and
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Finally, recommendations and a conclusion made on natural gas price volatility based on the analysis and information discussed in this report.
Overview
Huntington H. G. 2009 mentions that recent changes in natural gas market are attributed to market forces and organizations operating in the industry. As the industry develops into new end –user markets and producers, prices adjust according to the changes in the market.
Due to the key roles of energy influence on global economic welfare, pricing is fundamental for correct and efficient choice of appropriate energy source. (Davis L. W. and Muehlegger E. 2010). Energy Information Administration-(EIA) 2014 says the total gas consumption within industrial and electric power sectors in the U.S. will improve from 25.6 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) in 2012 to 31.6Tcf in 2040. Natural gas usage escalates in all sectors apart from residential due to population movement to warmer areas (EIA 2014) figure 1. For instance, in 2010 approximately 25% of energy consumed in the U.S. came from natural gas (Lv X. and Shan X. 2013). This indicates prices may adjust to demand changes accompanying its usage.
Figure 1 Natural gas consumption in various sectors, 1990-2040 Source: EIA.2014
The World Market Intelligence 2015, points out that natural gas levels of production and consumption in the U.S. are
One of the internal conflicts that I have found was that Liesel had many difficulties she faced on her own. Liesel is still struggling with the fact that her mother abandoned her. She still struggles with it because her mother doesn't bother contacting her at all. Liesel's mother never responds to any of her letters. Liesel also has a hard time accepting her brother's death. Another internal conflict is Hans, and his personal problems. Hans gets called a Jew lover, he believes that Jews are innocent people. Hans doesn't believe that Jews are people that caused the problems in Germany. Many people in the society he lives in thinks Jews are awful people, so they disrespect the Jews. He respects the Jews, and for that he puts his family in great
Natural gases are the most important source of energy in the modern world of technology and electricity production, which makes the skyrocketing gas production in the U.S. due to hydraulic fracturing incredibly valuable in terms of global trade and economy. The United States has always been reliant on the Middle East and other European and Asian countries for energy, but is very quickly becoming energy independent. "By 2020, the Energy Information Administration predicts that the USA will become a net exporter of natural gas", reaching energy independence from other countries and starting to export gas to provide revenue and pay off debts (Hassett and Mathur). Even
In this paper, I am going to talk about Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump, the two presidential candidates of the 2016 American Election. I will talk about the difference in their views on the topics of immigration, guns, women rights and religion. In what follows, I will argue that Donald Trump is more disliked than Hillary Clinton because of the statements he made against minorities, undocumented immigrants, promises to build a wall on the Mexican border, his negative and disgusting comments about women, and his foul lanuage. I will also talk about why both Trump and Hillary have the highest voters’ dissatisfaction in the American Election Campaign history.
Hydraulic fracturing otherwise known as fracking has flooded the market with cheap and reliable natural gas to the exportation and power production markets all while being limited by logistics. Emspak, J. (2014, August 12) shows that natural gas production by fracking has expanded gas production by 32 times the amount in 2008. This lowered the cost 40% over that span of time. The demand for clean cost efficient power production shifted production from coal fired to natural gas plants. From 20015-20017 about nine thousand natural gas power plants were built says the U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2017). This correlates to about one half of a million more megawatts of
As nations search for less carbon intensive forms of energy the demand for gas has grown rapidly worldwide in recent years. This significant increase in demand has led to a boom in world gas prices. In Australia, there are large reserves of unconventional natural gas compared to conventional natural gas. However, according to the Bureau of Resource and Energy Economics (BREE) there is enough conventional natural gas in Australia to supply all of Australia at current levels for more than 6130 years.
In 2011, the United States produced 8.5 million cubic feet of natural gas, a value of nearly $36 billion, from shale gas alone. As a result, the U.S. is now the world’s top manufacturer of natural gas. Imported gases compose merely 8 percent of total natural gas consumption in the United States. Since America does not rely on imported gas, the United States has balanced it trade as the U.S. domestic supply has grown to meet its demand. Business magnate T. Boone Pickens stated, “Natural gas is the best transportation fuel. It is better than gasoline or diesel. It is cleaner, it is cheaper, and it is domestic. Natural gas is 97% domestic fuel.”
These new wells are, essentially, a much larger version of traditional wells. These wells, however, extract much larger quantities of natural gas from each drilling site. This technique could lower the price of gas if it is applied to other areas such as the largest natural gas field, the Marcellus Shale. Gold (2015) quotes Mark Papa saying “There’s a large likelihood that the United States will be enjoying very low gas prices for a very long time, maybe 20 years” (Gold, 2015). Analysts are expecting this month’s natural gas inventory storage data will show significant growth due to this new technique. The growth could be about 18% over last years’ data for the same week (Puko, 2015). The adaption of new techniques in industries such as the gas industry is evidence of what McCraw (2015) calls “The relentlessness of change.” (p. 2). Similar to how General Motors was able to
As the price of Oil & Gas is dropping, Oil & Gas companies and operators are increasingly
Natural gas is a keystone of United States economy, it providing the United States a quarter of the country’s total energy; Outstanding to the many advances in technology. Production from shale formations has gone from a small amount just a few years ago to being almost thirty percent of total United States natural gas manufacture. This has gotten lower prices, domestic jobs due to the possible of extensive production growth. Although the growth has also brought many difficult questions about both current and future making can be done in a naturally way that meets the needs of the public trust.
It turns out that the market for natural gas is a very competitive one and that there is in fact a shortage in supply that is causing the price to increase. Natural gas must be drilled for and there are only a certain number of active companies that drill and they all have a set amount of capital. In the short run the supply of natural gas is very inelastic because they cannot just produce more gas. They would need
Kazakhstan has the world's fifteen-largest proved reserves of natural gas with an estimated 2.407 trillion cubic meters, ranking it between China and Malaysia in this respect (CIA World Factbook, 2012). Most of these fields are in the country's western Caspian region. That basin is home to some of the world's best oil and gas reserves. Other Caspian nations such as Russia, Iran and Turkmenistan are all among top ten in the world for proved reserves of natural gas (Ibid). An estimated 80% of Kazakhstan's production is locked in four fields: Karachaganak, Tengiz, Imashevskoye and Kashagan. This paper will outline the natural gas industry is Kazakhstan, providing insight into its history and the state of the industry today.
In terms of LNG, as Total found out in the same report, the rising of LNG demand reached the percentage of 8% per annum boosting the augmentation of the natural gas demand. Moreover, as the International Gas Union (IGU hereinafter) found out in its 2014 report, although the trade of LNG was decreased by 1.6% in 2012, following a thirty year rising route, it sums a 10% of the worldwide natural gas consumption.
The on‐going changes described above create challenges for modeling and forecasting global natural gas supply, demand, and pricing. The supply sector is served by the LNG chartering sector, which day by day becomes all the more competitive. LNG carriers have become an integral part of the global energy market. Today, important natural gas discoveries at distance from demand markets, combined with strong natural gas demand in East Asia, is driving investment in the LNG carriers needed to join supply and demand.
The Relationship between energy independence, in the form of Energy Security Risk points, and Shale Gas Production in the United States.
World energy consumption in 2010: over 5% growth [6] Energy markets have combined crisis recovery and strong industry dynamism . Energy consumption in the G20 soared by more than 5% in 2010, after the slight decrease of 2009. This strong increase is the result of two converging trends. Onthe one-hand, industrialized countries, which experienced sharp decreases in energy demand in 2009, recovered firmly in 2010, almost coming back to historical trends. Oil, gas, coal, and electricity markets followed the same trend. On the other hand, China and India, which showed no signs of slowing down in 2009, continued their intense demand for all forms of energy.