Energy Price Volatility With Regards Natural Gas

In 2011, the United States produced 8.5 million cubic feet of natural gas, a value of nearly $36 billion, from shale gas alone. As a result, the U.S. is now the world’s top manufacturer of natural gas. Imported gases compose merely 8 percent of total natural gas consumption in the United States. Since America does not rely on imported gas, the United States has balanced it trade as the U.S. domestic supply has grown to meet its demand. Business magnate T. Boone Pickens stated, “Natural gas is the best transportation fuel. It is better than gasoline or diesel. It is cleaner, it is cheaper, and it is domestic. Natural gas is 97% domestic fuel.”

Natural gases are the most important source of energy in the modern world of technology and electricity production, which makes the skyrocketing gas production in the U.S. due to hydraulic fracturing incredibly valuable in terms of global trade and economy. The United States has always been reliant on the Middle East and other European and Asian countries for energy, but is very quickly becoming energy independent. "By 2020, the Energy Information Administration predicts that the USA will become a net exporter of natural gas", reaching energy independence from other countries and starting to export gas to provide revenue and pay off debts (Hassett and Mathur). Even

Hydraulic fracturing otherwise known as fracking has flooded the market with cheap and reliable natural gas to the exportation and power production markets all while being limited by logistics. Emspak, J. (2014, August 12) shows that natural gas production by fracking has expanded gas production by 32 times the amount in 2008. This lowered the cost 40% over that span of time. The demand for clean cost efficient power production shifted production from coal fired to natural gas plants. From 20015-20017 about nine thousand natural gas power plants were built says the U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2017). This correlates to about one half of a million more megawatts of

As nations search for less carbon intensive forms of energy the demand for gas has grown rapidly worldwide in recent years. This significant increase in demand has led to a boom in world gas prices. In Australia, there are large reserves of unconventional natural gas compared to conventional natural gas. However, according to the Bureau of Resource and Energy Economics (BREE) there is enough conventional natural gas in Australia to supply all of Australia at current levels for more than 6130 years.

These new wells are, essentially, a much larger version of traditional wells. These wells, however, extract much larger quantities of natural gas from each drilling site. This technique could lower the price of gas if it is applied to other areas such as the largest natural gas field, the Marcellus Shale. Gold (2015) quotes Mark Papa saying “There’s a large likelihood that the United States will be enjoying very low gas prices for a very long time, maybe 20 years” (Gold, 2015). Analysts are expecting this month’s natural gas inventory storage data will show significant growth due to this new technique. The growth could be about 18% over last years’ data for the same week (Puko, 2015). The adaption of new techniques in industries such as the gas industry is evidence of what McCraw (2015) calls “The relentlessness of change.” (p. 2). Similar to how General Motors was able to

Natural gas is a keystone of United States economy, it providing the United States a quarter of the country’s total energy; Outstanding to the many advances in technology. Production from shale formations has gone from a small amount just a few years ago to being almost thirty percent of total United States natural gas manufacture. This has gotten lower prices, domestic jobs due to the possible of extensive production growth. Although the growth has also brought many difficult questions about both current and future making can be done in a naturally way that meets the needs of the public trust.

Furthermore, the deliberate increase in terrorism in USA can be traced to huge amount of money been generate from natural gas. E.g. terrorist attack on America by Osama Bin Laden

out a new light is being shown on natural gas. Today natural gas is very much in favor as

Natural gas is finding its place at the very heart of the energy discussions. The recent discoveries of quite a substantial amount of natural gas in the U.S.A, primarily as a result of the shale gas development, have attracted much interest towards natural gas as a key component of energy supply and have lowered prices well below recent expectations. But in other parts of the globe, prices of Natural Gas remain high and also at the same time: varied. This study seeks to inform discussion about the future of natural gas and will LNG be able to narrow the price diversity quite prevalent in regional respective gas

Fracking is a type of drilling technique that has been used commercially for almost 65 years. Hydraulic fracking is also being used to stimulate new production from older wells. The combination of advanced hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling, utilizing state of the art technology, is mostly responsible for todays booming US oil and natural gas production. This paper investigates the relationship between energy independence in the form of Energy Security Risk (ESR) points and Shale gas production in the US. The regression showed that there was a positive relationship between shale gas production and ESR, contrary to theory suggested in the paper.

World energy consumption in 2010: over 5% growth [6] Energy markets have combined crisis recovery and strong industry dynamism . Energy consumption in the G20 soared by more than 5% in 2010, after the slight decrease of 2009. This strong increase is the result of two converging trends. Onthe one-hand, industrialized countries, which experienced sharp decreases in energy demand in 2009, recovered firmly in 2010, almost coming back to historical trends. Oil, gas, coal, and electricity markets followed the same trend. On the other hand, China and India, which showed no signs of slowing down in 2009, continued their intense demand for all forms of energy.

Kazakhstan has the world's fifteen-largest proved reserves of natural gas with an estimated 2.407 trillion cubic meters, ranking it between China and Malaysia in this respect (CIA World Factbook, 2012). Most of these fields are in the country's western Caspian region. That basin is home to some of the world's best oil and gas reserves. Other Caspian nations such as Russia, Iran and Turkmenistan are all among top ten in the world for proved reserves of natural gas (Ibid). An estimated 80% of Kazakhstan's production is locked in four fields: Karachaganak, Tengiz, Imashevskoye and Kashagan. This paper will outline the natural gas industry is Kazakhstan, providing insight into its history and the state of the industry today.

The on‐going changes described above create challenges for modeling and forecasting global natural gas supply, demand, and pricing. The supply sector is served by the LNG chartering sector, which day by day becomes all the more competitive. LNG carriers have become an integral part of the global energy market. Today, important natural gas discoveries at distance from demand markets, combined with strong natural gas demand in East Asia, is driving investment in the LNG carriers needed to join supply and demand.

As it can be observed by Figure 2.1, between the years 1990 and 2015 the demand for natural gas rise at 2.2% annually, overlapping the corresponding rise of oil (1.3%) and coal (1.8%). Additionally, as Total stated in its 2012 annual report, the demand for natural gas raised 3% every year during the last 30 years.

As the price of Oil & Gas is dropping, Oil & Gas companies and operators are increasingly