Engineering Theory Of Stress

This assignment will explore the concept of stress by firstly distinguishing between the definitions set out by Selye 919560 and Cox (1976). Following this assignment will critically evaluate the General Adaption Syndrome, SRRS and Daily Hassles explanations of stress and finally, conclude with a discussion on individual differences based on Friedman and Rosenman’s research.

One of the many strengths of GAS model is the fact that it involves the concept that resources can be exhausted, escalating the person’s vulnerability to illness. This physiological approach also has its limitations. It is difficult to even out what is a stressor like any known condition could result in various stages of stress to distinctive individuals, and different stressors could cause various stages of stress to one individual (Mason,

The meaning of each person is thinking about the stress is unique. For example, Hans Selye(1936) who is regarded as the stress father of stress. He defines it as “When the body is threatened (Stressor) will cause stress. This may be good and bad. It will change the balance of the body. And the response of the person to the stressor, the response is expressed in terms of non-specific symptoms.”Moreover, Steinberg and Ritzman (1990) defined that “stress has enormous destructive power.” In addition, Skinner (1985) explained stress that “reaction to the

Medicine Net defines stress in this manner: “Stress is a physical, mental or emotional factor that causes bodily or mental tension. It can be either internal or external stress.”

Therefore we can see that the presence of stress is determined by how the situation is assessed by the individual experiencing it. This gives some indication of the complexity of studying stress, since its cause is different for each person as well as how it affects them.

Chrousos and Gold (1992) define stress as “a state of disharmony, or threatened homeostasis. The adaptive response can be specific or can be generalized and non specific.”

Keywords: psychosocial stressors, stress responses, homeostasis, psychosocial interventions, host vulnerability-stressor interactions The actual or perceived threat to an organism is referred to as the "stressor" and the response to the stressor is called the "stress response." Although stress responses evolved as adaptive processes, Selye observed that severe, prolonged stress responses might lead to tissue damage and disease.

The term stress comes from the field of physics by one of the fathers of stress research Hans Selye in 1936. He insisted that stress was a non-specific strain on the body caused by irregularities in normal body functions (”History of stress”). Stress is one of bodily or mental tension resulting from factors that tend to alter an existent equilibrium (”Definition of stress”). There's three

Hans Selye (1956), states that there are three ways an individual reacts to a particularly stressful situation and these ideas are divided into three stages, a series of physiological reactions. Stage one, alarm - where the person is ready for action in this stage an individual's activity level increases as soon as they experience a stressful situation. Stage two, resistance - the individual attempts to manage with the threat through fight or flight, Walter Cannon (1932). In this stage, an individual tries to cope and reverse the impact of the first stage. Stage three, exhaustion - the person is unable to deal with the threat and the energy reserves have been exhausted through efforts to reduce the risk. In this stage the person shows signs of physical wear and tear, especially in organs that were weak before stage three or deeply involved in the resistance process. Selye believed that this stage could often result in depression and occasionally death. These steps are also known as the general adaptation syndrome (GAS). GAS describes the body’s short-term and long-term reaction to stress; it is the body's attempt to protect itself

The expression "stress" can be applied in many ways. From a psychological perspective, stress can generally be discussed in relation to an imbalance between the demands of the situation encountered by an individual and the perceived ability to cope or adjust to these demands (Lazarus, 1991). Therefore, stress can have very beneficial results in term of mobilization of bodily resources to meet demands, but also detrimental effects when perceived demands exceed the individual's resources (McEwen, 2002). One of numerous stress responses is anxiety, referred to as a very unpleasant emotion which is evoked when the individual reviews a stressful situation as threatening or intimidating. Heightened levels of anxiety have been detected to have the

The definition of stress according to Webster Dictionary (fourth edition) is “strain, chronic pressure: tension.” Stress can come from different circumstances, for Instance, children missing the school bus, a traffic jam, or a car accident. These are examples of events that could create stress for some individual stress, yet, the same actions; do not affect anothers level of stress. Regardless, stress has become a common issue for many individuals and the constant stress can have an adverse effect on their lives.

The main shortcoming of Selye definition of stress was that it focused on physiological nature of stress but what about the psychological nature of stress. The psychological nature of stress was explained by a physician named John Mason in his study which used monkeys. In the two groups both the monkeys were deprived of food thus they were under physical

Stress is the feeling of intense pressure which people feel when they are depended upon to perform actions which overwhelm them. It is defined as "a response to a demand that is placed upon you" (Managing 2013). People's responses to stress can be

In the last half of 20th century, when the word started a rapid development in many fields, life of people is changing completely. Day by day people faced with more needs and duties which had a limited time to be complete. All those feeling and emotions that people experience during different life stages are ways in which our body expresses and responds to a particular event. It is very interesting and unbelievable how a phenomenon that was lately introduced no more than 50 years ago became one of the most significant ingredient of the life of people. Stress was first introduced by Hans Selys as a natural respond or reaction to the demands that are placed upon people in

Selye’s stress model ‘General Adaptation Syndrome’ 1936 shows his view on chronic exposure to stress and its three stages of response. The first response is the alarm reaction, the ‘fight or flight’ response. Stress can cause responses in the body such as; sweating or urination, as this is to rid the body of excess fluids. Pupils may dilate to