Suggestively, within today's society, nearly every continent holds some form of pidgin and/or creole that is used, either by a wide majority or by a small minority for the purpose of both communication and cross communication. Evidently, over time an assortment of scholars has come forth to propose their different theories as to the accounts for the origins and development of English based creoles and pidgins. There has long been a dispute as to the extent these English based pidgins and creoles share a universal origin, with theories contrasting and overlapping. In this paper, explanations and evaluations will take place covering these different theories along with a short analysis throughout.
In short, the term 'pidgin' has been, by many, defined in different ways, yet all seem to share a similarity. Pidgin English, in its many forms can be defined as a bridge between languages, a grammarless and by definition almost structureless (although not necessarily) language, that has been developed and evolves to facilitate communication between two or more groups of a different language who do not share a common tongue. (This is also classified as a form of a lingua Franca). An example of such an English based pidgin can be found within Honolulu in the late 19th century known as Hawaii Pidgin English or HPE for short. With regards to the term 'creole', scholars define this as a pidgin that, over time and through generations, has developed and stablised with grammar and as many
Ebonics distinct language means “Black Sounds.” The language comes from a long and rich history, originating during the African slave trade (Rush, 1997). There are two theories about the origins of this language system. Ebonics is a dialect of English, which evolved through a history of social and geographic separation of its speakers. Dialect used in groups was a way to identify ethnicity, and in turn became the language of the community (Hybels, and Weaver, 2007). When Africans were brought to America as slaves, no white person made a point to teach Africans English. Africans had their own language called Creole English. Creole English evolved from the slave forts of Africa, in the Caribbean. This form of language was considered the first full form of English that was used between blacks and whites during the trans-Atlantic African slave trades. The language is also known as Pidgin English. Pidgin is a simplified language developed as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common. This form of English is still used today in the Caribbean, Hawaii, and Papua New Guinea (Rubba, 1997).
During the fight for independence the Creoles had may leaders along the way that helped to end the Peninsulares. Some of the leaders were military and religious figures that helped to make independent nations. These leaders lead the Americanos and influenced them to unite them as a nation state. They were doing this because Portugal and other nations were not involved with them and yet they ruled them and the Americanos wanted administrative power from the Peninsulares. The Creoles led the fight for independence in Latin America because they wanted to create a stable government, they needed to have a strong economy and they wanted to unite the people as a nation state.
Summary of Diane Mooney’s “Newfoundlandese, If You Please” In Diane Mooney’s expository essay “Newfoundlandese, If You Please,” she discussed the relationship between the cultures and languages, and how the cultures influence the dialect in different regions in Newfoundland. She narrated her own story to explain the difficulty of understanding the dialect of French descendant in Newfoundland even she is from an Irish migration on the East Coast. She gives some example of different region of Newfoundland has its own enunciation. She cited the speech could tell who settled on this land first and in which area.
In her essay, “Newfoundlandese, If You Please” Diane Mooney takes us on a virtual road trip around the island of Newfoundland, her home, discussing regional language variations, and giving us insights into the histories of the communities we encounter. In her very first sentence, Mooney refers to Newfoundland having one dialect but then goes on to describe in detail the various dialects across the island. Throughout her essay, Mooney describes her experiences with language, and gives us first-hand accounts of interactions with locals, providing us an insight into the pronunciation and vernacular of a given region. Her view is that the regional variations in the English language spawned from the origins of the original settlers, the influence
In AL 1050 Languages in the Pacific I have learned many different concepts that has to do with the Pacific Rim. It all has to do with languages and how each island or country speaks their own tongue, but all are similar in some way. In class I have examined historical and contemporary language use throughout the Pacific Basin, as well as in Hawai`i. Through exploring topics such as the effects of language contact, pidgins and creoles, and stories of language loss and preservation, and different cultures.
Linguist and Cajun Megan E. Melancon calls the Cajun dialect a “gumbo”. There are many languages that make up this gumbo. The various languages include Spanish, French, German, and English. The Cajun language is mainly spoken in Southern Louisiana, but can reach into parts of Southern Texas and Southern Mississippi due to emigration (Melancon).
Originating from the multi-ethnic plantation workers in the plantation era, early 19th to 20th century, the HCE is made up of multiple languages: English, Hawaiian, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, and Cantonese (Hargrove). If someone is new to Hawaiian Islands, you can listen to the Pidgen and you can hear sentences that are actually mixed up from multiple languages. For example, take the sentence “I just went pau make shi shi”, which in translation means I just finished urinating. The word “pau” means finished which comes from the Hawaiian language and the word “shi shi” comes from the Japanese language meaning urinate. HCE is an multi-ethnic and history rich language and I have used it
While each ethnic group had their own language, there are also over 100 inter-ethnic languages applied to allow for communication among the thousands of ethnic groups. When Europeans arrived in Africa, they manipulated the spoken language by imposing French, Spanish, English, and other European languages as a “neutral alternative” to the myriad of languages spoken across ethnic groups. African’s multilingualism clearly counters the idealist’s impression that ethnic groups in Africa were
Right now, the United States has no assigned authority dialect. In spite of the fact that it is seen as an English talking country, there has been a running open deliberation among the voting open in respect to whether English should be the official dialect. While there are many people that communicate in English or Spanish, there have been calls for multilingualism. This open deliberation has produced contention and political changes among both English and non-English talking groups. While English-talking groups have been in a backing of a brought together method for correspondence, the non-English talking groups have provoked this recommendation as a method for isolating minority bunches. This later gathering feels that in an area termed as free and reasonable and where all fantasies materialize, no specific dialect should be received to the detriment of different dialects. In this paper, I will contend out that English should be the official dialect of the United States.
Irene Thompson on her webpage referred to Pidgin as the “on-the-Spot” languages (“Pidgin Languages”). She further explained that when no common language existed between the two groups a means of communication developed from a primary language blended with one or more local languages. Since the Spanish, French, English, Dutch, and Portuguese were major colonial powers, their languages were generally the source for many of the Pidgin languages. A quick check on the internet indicates that there are Pidgins not only developed from English and African languages, but also between English and Native American, Eskimo Icelandic, Yokohama (Japanese), and Taimyr (Russian). Spanglish is a blend of English and Spanish, just as Chadian Arabic is a mixture of French makes up Chadian Arabic. Because these are rudimentary means to communicate, Pidgins have a low prestige with linguists. Pidgin is also sometimes referred to as
In this course theme, I am able to explore various type of languages spoke in the US and how different languages can unite a nation. What sounds more attractive is that how these languages exists in US and how the represent their cultures and social identities as well as their uniqueness through the language they use. US has its unique identity in which English is spoke differently in one region to another region. The language itself stands as one, but how it is mixed with certain dialects converting it into a new dialect. For instance, the Standard American English is used by most of the people from Midwest while Ebonics which is the African American English is used by the African is
People who speak pidgin also speak another language as their main language. In opposite, creoles are the languages that came to be from the children of pidgin speakers. As the children grow up, they develop the vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar so that they can use it as their main language of communication. Pidgin is an important part of Hawaiian culture and can be found all over the islands in signs, everyday talk and much more. I am attaching another picture of a restaraunt that used to be found on Kapahulu called Ono Hawaiian Food, again meaning, Delicious Hawaiian Food.
The term creole was formed by enslaved Africans whom were unable to communicate with each other and their
The evolution of Caribbean Literature started centuries before the Europeans graced these shores and continues to develop today. Quite noticeably, it developed in a manner which transcended all language barriers and cultures. Today the languages of the Caribbean are rooted in that of the colonial powers - France, Britain, Spain and Holland - whose historical encounters are quite evident throughout the region. The cosmopolitan nature of the region's language and cultural diversity develop from the mixture of European languages with Native American languages (mainly the Caribs and Arawaks) in the formation of creoles and local patois (hybrid languages) and those of Africans brought to the Caribbean as
Linguistic imperialism is a concept used by scholar Robert Phillipson, he mostly spoke about the imperialism of the English language, although this concept can be applied to all the world’s major international languages with imperialistic origins, when the original population had to adopt the invader’s language because of the benefits that accrue to the speakers of the languages when the dominant language has been imposed (Phillipson 31). Linguistic imperialism in Latin America started with the ‘discovery’ and the occupation of the New World by the European powers. Spanish and Portuguese language were imposed on the local populations and therefore many indigenous languages vanished. This essay will especially focus on Brazil and the