Entrepreneurship

The government of Spain actively supports the small business sector of the economy. As of 2006 there were over 3 million small and medium-sized businesses in Spain, representing over 99% of all businesses in the country. The Spanish government provides various grants and incentives for the creation and expansion of small businesses in Spain as well as support and services to business owners. Recent government campaigns and initiatives have focused on support for entrepreneurs, primarily in response to Spain’s economic goals for the future. Increasing competitiveness and promoting innovation were identified as key strategies to maintain, grow and keep Spain’s economy dynamic (Dreamer, 2008). The key factors such as strong economy, large population base, expansive tourist trade and active government involvement provide a strong argument for migration into Spain’s marketplace.

Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), which provides an annual assessment of the national level of entrepreneurial activity (including research data from over sixty-nine countries), posits that one-third of the differences in economic growth among nations may be due to differences in entrepreneurial activity. Governmental units, society, and educational institutions worldwide have documented that the individual entrepreneur is critical in the development of new business ventures (Hisrich, Langan-Fox & Grant 2007). In contemporary times, uncertainty about economic stability is rising. As a result, students are “now faced with a wider variety of employment options, the probability of ending up with a diversity of jobs, more responsibility at work and more stress” (Henry, Hill & Leitch 2005) making entrepreneurship a more appealing options for future graduates. Entrepreneurship skills provide students with more flexibility in their career. They know that starting their own business at any point in their life is still an option due to economic crisis, downsizing or other events. This is also confirmed by the literature on Youth Entrepreneurship, to which Student Entrepreneurship belongs. As Henderson and Robertson put it, “young people are likely to experience a portfolio career consisting of periods of paid employment, non-work, and self-employment (2000). Additionally, according to the latest report from the Kauffman Foundation (2013) it is a global phenomenon: “Among young

Volkmann, C. K., Tokarski, K. O., & Grünhagen, M. (2010). Entrepreneurship in a European Perspective: Concepts for the Creation and Growth of New Ventures. Springer Science & Business Media.

While I appreciate Tony’s thoughtful summary of Mariana Mazzucato The Entrepreneurial State and the degree of analysis he does offer in his response, I am left with two main contentions in considering his work. Firstly, I take issue with how closely Tony aligns his own argumentation with that of Mazzucato’s scholarship, perhaps overemphasizing a measured need to outline the author’s case and, at times, not affording himself the space he rightly deserves to offer his own perspective on the subject matter Mazzucato presents. However, in the places where I do find Tony’s insights emerge, I fear that he falls into an academic trap that Mazzucato only escapes from in the concluding pages of her work: calling for a societal change in attitude without providing any proposals for how policy elites could carry out such an ambitious project.

Most successful entrepreneurs exhibit certain characteristics. Some entrepreneurs are open-minded, able to learn quickly, and skilled at conceptualizing.

Explain and critically analyze unique traits of an Entrepreneur, discuss these related to personal strengths and weaknesses

Portugal has seen an increase in startups and flourishing businesses. This paper will explore the conditions that have made Portugal’s young entrepreneurial spirit possible. We will explore the state of economic development and demand, social and cultural norms in business settings, and the legal environment that young startups have to navigate in order to be successful.

Within this essay it will include a theorist that is relevant to the chosen entrepreneur and their entrepreneurial motivations and their characteristics. Being an entrepreneur requires specific characteristics and skills that are often achieved through education, hard work and planning. An entrepreneur is an individual who accepts some sort of risk usually financial in the pursuit of new ventures. The word can apply to any person organising a new project or opportunity, though it is most often used in a business context. A person in this role is often characterised as innovative, independents optimistic, creative, and hard-working.

There has been extensive research conducted on the characteristics that successful entrepreneurs possess. These attributes vary widely across literature, however there are common key traits that are required to achieve any form of success. Frederick et al (2013) suggest entrepreneurs are risk takers, optimistic, have sound judgement and an ability to manage. While a review of literature relating to the psychology of an entrepreneur reveals a large variety of characteristics in a successful entrepreneur, these can be consolidated to a a few into only a few traits that are essential for a successful entrepreneur. Whilst taking into

Even tough entrepreneurship was not historically considered a viable “career path” in his family, Kevin Popović became intrinsically motivated to start his own company the day his daughter was born. As he reflected during our interview, he could not handle being systematically brought down by his former boss, a characteristic we seem to find in a lot of entrepreneurs. Kevin also had experience in a variety of different industries, but did not know how to combine them all. As soon as he realized he could combine all

venture capitalists are very active, in Italy too little attention is given to social innovation, which

With the growing importance of entrepreneurship within today’s business industry it is of upmost importance to understand the motivations and intentions of individuals wanting to pursue an entrepreneurial career as this now accounts for X of the population and X% of income. Its apparent from the literature that “significant differences exist in the levels of entrepreneurial activity across countries” (Pinillo & Reyes, 2011) and existing research addresses the question as to why some countries have more entrepreneurs than others, a main answer to this question has been the one regarding the economic climate of the particular country, however this focus solely on economic explanations majorly “underexposes the role of culture” (Brown & Ulijn, 2004). It would seem meaningless to ignore this factor as something that influences the level of entrepreneurship between different countries as “the rate or level of entrepreneurship at the societal level depends upon the opportunities provided by the environment and these aspects are influenced by … culture” (Brown & Ulijn, 2004). Whilst much of the literature has focused on economic reasons for differences in entrepreneurship activity, it is suggested by Pinillo & Reyes (2011) that “culture, more than economic variables” plays a key role in explaining these differences.

Entrepreneurs are not made they are born. The characteristics of entrepreneurs such as risk takers leadership, creative, quick decision maker and others can not taught or learn these qualities are in their blood. (Kuratko, 2005, p5)

Entrepreneurship activities support self-employment which in turn has an effect on the growth of productivity (Audretsch, 2007, p.64). A debate on whether nations should adopt the self-employment policy or strike a balance is always contented. Italy tried the self-employment model, and it proved to be inefficient for the development of the economy (Santarelli and Vivarelli, 2007, p.460). Entrepreneurship also plays a role in the early development of industries. It increases productivity through

The government must structure its policies in such a way that it nurtures an entrepreneurial environment and allows effective opportunities for entrepreneurial firms to grow and make an impact towards national economic development. ”By focusing on existing, new and nascent entrepreneurs, entrepreneurship policy focuses on the change of process acknowledging the need to respect antecedents and consider future opportunities.” (Mitra, 2012, p.227)