TITLE - Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), it 's introduction, purpose, methods of EIA, EIA conducted in India, Environmental Impact Statement(EIS).
INTRODUCTION : DEFINITION :
An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is an assessment of the possible positive or negative impact that a proposed project may have on the environment, together consisting of the environmental, social and economic aspects.
PURPOSE :
The purpose of the assessment is to ensure that decision makers consider the ensuing environmental impacts when deciding whether to proceed with a project. The International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA) defines an environmental impact assessment as "the process of identifying, predicting, evaluating and
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Some of the methods are GMP-RAM, INOVA etc.[8] • Fuzzy Arithmetic - EIA methods need specific parameters and variables to be measured to estimate values of impact indicators. However many of the environment impact properties cannot be measured on a scale e.g. landscape quality, lifestyle quality, social acceptance etc. and moreover these indicators are very subjective. Thus to assess the impacts we may need to take the help of information from similar EIAs, expert criteria, sensitivity of affected population etc. To treat this information, which is generally inaccurate, systematically, fuzzy arithmetic and approximate reasoning methods can be utilised. This is called as a fuzzy logic approach.[9]
At the end of the project, an EIA should be followed by an audit. An EIA audit evaluates the performance of an EIA by comparing actual impacts to those that were predicted. The main objective of these audits is to make future EIAs more valid and effective. The two main considerations are:
• scientific - to check the accuracy of predictions and explain errors. • management- to assess the success of mitigation in reducing impacts.
Some people believe that audits be performed as a rigorous scientific testing of the null hypotheses. While some believe in a simpler approach where you
However, the author argues that these audits have become increasingly ineffective. Identify and discuss at least three reasons why these audits are becoming less effective.
Assess the potential environmental impact of a proposed construction project on the local natural environment.
As assessment is usually conducted at two phases in any project. (Burt, 2005) First it is conducted to
Environmental Impact Assessment is very advanced process of forecasting influence on environment of planned operation, in this case- High Speed 2. It is crucial to do EIA before any construction works commence, it will allow designers to change or improve the project in order to minimise negative consequences of it.
Social Impact Analysis is an assessment of the social effects of projects, construction, and disaster preparedness. This was a manual that gave insight on how to conduct SIA, information that affects SIA and how various different issue affect populations. Social Impact Assessment (week 15) Social impact assessments (SIA) are used to identify the impact of projects, programs, epidemics or natural disasters. SIA are important in determining the impact these events may have on specific populations.
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) play an essential role for sustainability establishing. As Anzecc (1991) mentioned that EIA producers would take a responsibility for issues like improving the efficiency of the contribution made by making sustainability and environmentally decision, which means the government responsible for EIA process which have the power to recommend environmental conditions.
A review and an audit report are both a form of an attestation engagement. A Review, however, is less in scope so it provides a moderate level of assurance on the financial statements. It is considered a “sniff” of an audit, which comparatively provides reasonable assurance that no material misstatements occurred. Since a review deals with a limited scope, it does not provide the basis for expressing an opinion on the presentation of the
This article focused on two approaches of SIA (Social impact assessment) which are technical approach and the political approach and the integration of both these approaches in impact assessment. Technical approach aims at providing relevant data and positivism in order to provide an assessment of how the system will change. Political
Environmental Impact: Environmental impact is on the increase due to Industrialization. The nation is advancing slowly in technology.
Executive Orders 12866 and 13563, EPA develops Regulatory Impact Analyses (RIAs) to support the development of national air pollution regulations. RIAs contain descriptions of the potential social benefits and social costs of a regulation, including those that cannot be quantified in monetary terms and a determination of the potential net benefits of the rule including an evaluation of the effects that are not monetarily quantified. Typically, an RIA is structured similarly to an EIA, except that a benefits analysis of the rule is included along with an estimation of the net benefits.
As discussed earlier, scientific literature advocates the importance of public participation and consultation as a central part of the assessment procedure of the EIA decision-making process (Glucker, Driessen, Kolhoff, Runhaar, 2013, p. 104). The EPA under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 is responsible for governing and managing the EIA process in Western Australia and, therefore, determining the extent of public participation for each project. While the WA’s EIA process continues to change with the latest administrative procedures updated in 2012, there continue to be many challenges and implications from the practice of public participation and consultation. Some of the key implications and challenges for WA that this essay has explored
In order to build a prosperous and sustainable environment respecting the company statements and juridical requirements, Emera show the environmental hazard in their business routine taking in consideration
In the North American context, the origins of EIA has been dated back to the 1960’s where environmental awareness and the public was upset in the USA. The National Environmental Policy Act that was developed in 1969 was one of the first forms of legislated that was a form of EIA (Wall, 2016). This was the first indication of how federal government should consider the environmental impacts
Initiation: clarifying and recording targets of the project being evaluated, and defining the subtle element of the methodology has to be executed archiving the outcomes in a risk management plan. •
This EA is clearly and contains details in every section. Additionally, this EA complied with the NEPA requirements which four sections covered all the information. The EA contains the purpose and need for the summary, followed by the second part which is alternative description, and the third section is existing condition and environmental consequences, finally, the last section contains the references.