Environmental Pollutants, Drug And Ionizing Radiation Causes Inflammation And Oxidative Stress

Causes of kidney disease are wide-ranging in number; however diabetes, high blood pressure, inherited disease, and infection remain to be the contenders of cause (Davidson, 2011). Acute kidney disease can be identified by anuria and oedema. CKD is often called a “silent” killer, because instead of a sign, that would render immediate evidence, CKD only provides symptoms that many don’t know to correlate to renal issues. The symptoms may also increase at the latter stages of the

What has been brought to light in recent years is the effects of these chemicals on the body’s immune response. By introducing these toxic chemicals into the body, the potency of the immune system is compromised. More commonly than not, the body’s magnificent defense system will kick in and destroy foreign invaders but all it can take is an overwhelming amount of chemicals to slow or even shut down the body’s response systems. A large amount of these types of chemicals introduced into the body at one time would be considered acute toxicity and could even cause death. Additionally, a small amount of these poisonous substances brought into the body over a long period would be considered chronic toxicity and can have detrimental effects on the body’s natural response (Hoernschemeyer 55-57). This information is startling enough to want to make a change from conventionally grown food to pesticide-free organic

The purpose of this chapter is to describe the analytical methods that are available for detecting, measuring, and/or monitoring chlorine dioxide and chlorite, its metabolites, and other biomarkers of exposure and effect to chlorine dioxide and chlorite. The intent is not to provide an exhaustive list of analytical methods. Rather, the intention is to identify well-established methods that are used as the standard methods of analysis. Many of the analytical methods used for environmental samples are the methods approved by federal agencies and organizations such as EPA and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Other methods presented in this chapter

Vietnam Veterans have suffered years with the unknown long term effects of exposure to (2,4-D) and (2,4,5-T), and Dioxin (TCDD). Many are still suffering.

These substances not only trigger liver, heart, kidney and nervous system deterioration, but also cause lung impairment and cancer.

Additional roles of carnosine beyond Ca2+ regulation and pH buffer include its ability to act as a scavenger of free radicals and singlet oxygen, both of which are not only damaging, but also

Main compounds of the enzymatic antioxidant system are three, namely, SOD, CAT and tT which have an important role in detoxifying of H2O2 and superoxide anion in cells. Ample of hepatotoxic drugs induces the liver damage by lipid peroxidation indirectly or directly. The proxy radicals are main factors that mediate lipid peroxidation leading to liver injury and kidney damage(41). MDA as a main reactive aldehyde appears during polyunsaturated fatty acid peroxidation in the biological

Exposure of the human body to various environmental and chemical reactions have different effects on the body. Human liver cells HepG2 were used in this study in order to demonstrate the various effects of staurosporine, CytoTox-One TM lysis solution, Methotrexate and Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO). The purpose was to see if there are any direct correlations between higher concentrations of the substances and the relative fluorescence unit. The hypothesis being tested was that higher concentrations of staurosporine should be more harmful to human liver cells by inducing higher levels of apoptosis. There should be a direct correlation between the concentration of staurosporine and the relative fluorescence unit.

The high-dose I+ exposure significantly induced the expression of sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase 1 (SGPP1), a gene encodes a key enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of S1P to long-chain ceramides [21], at three time points (6h: FC=1.62; 12h FC=1.58 and 24h: FC=2.00, p-value and FDR< 0.01 at three time points). Without the cytokine mix, the high-dose I the elevated expression of SGPP1 started after 12h of incubation (12h FC=1.42 and 24h: FC=1.5, p-value and FDR< 0.01 at both time points). After exposure to the high-dose I+, the expression of the ceramide synthase 6 (CERS6), encoding the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of ceramide [40], was first decreased at 12 h (FC=-1.28, p-value=0.02 and FDR=0.054) and followed by a considerable

There are several cellular injury mechanisms that result in a variety of different diseases. One general mechanism of cellular injury is through chemical injury. There are about 4 billion pounds of toxic chemicals released per year in the United States, and of these, 72 million pounds are known carcinogens (Huether).

For adult immunological effects, there is high confidence in the evidence of immunotoxic hazard from TCE. For developmental cardiac effects, although the available study has important limitations, the overall WOE supports an effect of TCE on cardiac development. Data suggest that oxidative metabolites are involved in TCE-induced cardiac malformations, lending greater confidence in the appropriateness of the selected dose metric.

Ionizing radiation that is used in medical imaging releases free radicals. These radicals can interfere with the molecular chemical bonds that is responsible for regulating the cellular function inside the cell. The interaction between free radicals and the molecules inside the cell might lead to genetic mutations in the DNA and it can damage cellular enzymes leading to the proliferation of cancer cells. In the United States, 50% of the environmental exposure to ionizing radiation is mainly attributed to medical imaging. Computed tomography (CT) scans are the main source of X-rays, a form of ionizing radiation. The purpose of this project is to present an overview of the main reasons for exposure, explaining the possible future effects of ionizing radiation on human health, enlightening the imaging modalities with ionizing radiation, addressing the population at risk, and explaining the main principles and recommendations to avoid and limit the exposure to ionizing radiation.

The mechanism by which adenine induces CKD is not well elucidated. Adenine and its metabolite, DHA, have low solubility and precipitate in the renal tubules leading to their occlusion and the development of uremia [7, 14]. It has been reported that, adenine has an affinity to cause several oxidative and inflammatory reactions in renal tissues which might cause an increase in several oxidative and inflammatory markers such as catalase, GSH, SOD [12, 17, 22-24]. Adenin treatment caused oxidative stress within the cells. Which demonstrated by the increase in the oxidative derivative of deoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG, one of the major DNA oxidative products

Chronic renal disease is a universal health puzzle and now consider one of the leading causes of death in the world [107].

Radiation Therapy is used to treat cancer in patients very comonly. Radiation Dermatitis is a common side effect from this treatment that ranges from mild rash to severe ulceration. It is also called radiodermatitis, x-ray dermatitis, radiation skin damage, or a radiation burn. According to Therapeutics in Dermatology radiation dermatitis was at one time considered to be a major problem in conventional radiography in the 1970s but now with the development of high energy accelerators it is starting to become more rare. Radiation dermatitis usually has a latency period of about 10 years which means that it does not usually show up until years after the x-radiation has been administered to the usual cancer patients.