Enzyme Catalysis Lab

The experiment procedure is first, get your materials, shells, water, vinegar, measuring spoon, a cup, and a beaker. Next,

Drop the yeast sphere into the graduated cylinder. As soon as the sphere touches the surface of the hydrogen peroxide, start the timer. Each person should be responsible for a concentration.

After reviewing the basics of enzymes and catalysis, we take a dive into the wonderful

The reaction taking place is catalase breaking down hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and hydrogen. The enzyme is catalase, the substrate is hydrogen peroxide, and the products are hydrogen and oxygen. The question being tested is when we increase the yeast concentration, what will happen to the rate of the reaction. If increasing yeast concentration affects the rate of reaction, then the time it takes the disc to rise will decrease.

The purpose of this lab experiment was to determine the relationship between temperature and the rate of enzymatic activity in yeast cells. In the lab, the temperature was the independent variable. The temperatures consisted of 6°C, 24°C, 34°C, 46°C. The dependent variable in the experiment was the rate of enzymatic activity in yeast cells. The temperatures were tested by using a LabQuest and pressure probe that tested pressure inside the plastic test tube. LabQuest graphed the data and created a line of best fit that was used to determine the slope of the graph. The slope of the graph represents the rate of enzymatic activity. The slope was found for each temperature in 2 different trials. Then, the rate of enzyme activity (kPa/sec) for each temperature in the 2 trials were averaged. These averages were used to develop a graph that shows the relationship between temperature and the rate of enzyme activity. According to the results of the experiment, as the temperature increases, the rate of enzymatic activity decreases. Each enzyme has its own optimal temperature in which it can function efficiently.

The reaction of yeast and hydrogen peroxide reacted slower than the reaction of hydrochloric acid and mossy zinc. The pipette bulbs might not have been watched properly during the first trial, resulting in an unequal ratio of oxygen and hydrogen, which would alter the

The concentration of the PNP increased with the increase in time for the given wavelength. The increase in the PNP concentration increases the absorbance of the solution. The

This experiment looked at how the presence of enzymes can change the rate of reaction. An enzyme is a specialized protein that catalyzes chemical reactions (Freeman, et al, 2014,p.46). If a reaction occurs the reactants must interact with a specific orientation and there must be enough kinetic energy to reach the activation energy required for the reaction (Freeman, et al, 2014, p.55). Enzymes are an important part in chemical reactions because they move the reactants together in the orientation needed for the electrons to interact, and they lower the activation energy needed, which allows the reaction to occur faster (Freeman, et al, 2014, p.55).

A change in concentration of an enzyme solution can greatly affect the action of an enzyme-catalysed reaction. A change in concentration will only affect the rate of reaction is it is a limiting factor and once the concentration has increased to the point that it can no longer affect the rate of reaction, then it no longer a limiting factor. This point is called the saturation point as seen in figure 6. (Alevelnotes, 2016)

All three trials used the same amount of hydrogen peroxide, dish soap, food coloring, water, and same-size soda bottles. The control group (1tsp of yeast) had a slower reaction time compared to the other trials as well as the foam not overflowing the bottle. Trial 1 had 2 tsps of yeast, Trial 2 had 3 tsps of yeast, and lastly Trial 3 with 4 tsps

Enzyme synthesis is regulated and controlled via regulatory proteins that are repressed or induced, repression is associated with anabolism while catabolism is seen with inducers. Another component is that of promoter and effector. The effector molecule is one that works with the repressor, altering the affinity for the operator in the controlling region of the gene (McClean 2017). The promoter is described as the binding site for the RNA polymerase (KhanAcademy). This regulation occurs at the transcriptional level (UW-Milwaukee, 2017).

Hydrogen peroxide, liver, yeast, potato solution, four test tubes, pipets, and a gas pressure sensor are all things that are needed. Then to begin the experiment, fill each test tube with 2 mL of hydrogen peroxide. As a control in the experiment you must measure the gas pressure of hydrogen peroxide without an enzyme. After this step is complete, put 2 mL of the enzyme you want to test first and begin measuring the gas pressure. Then add the next two enzymes to their separate test tubes and record their gas pressures to complete one trial of the experiment.

Enzymes are catalytic proteins that accelerate the rate of biological reactions while experiencing no permanent chemical modification as a result of their participation in a reaction. In order to initiate a reaction from a reactant called a substrate to a product, a certain amount of energy, otherwise known as the activation energy, is required. An enzyme functions by lowering the required activation energy (which is usually provided by heat), thus, expediting the reaction. Many chemical reactions happen very slowly, without the help of enzymes some reactions could take up to 3 billion years to occur. Enzymes increase the rate of reactions by a factor up to 1017 times, allowing the chemical reactions that make life possible to take place at

Items needed for this experiment are: 6 petri dishes that have been prepared with nutrient agar and made into plates, then labeled 10-1 through 10-6, 6 test tubes labeled 10-1 through 10-6 then place in test tube rack, sterilize graduated pipet with alcohol, be sure to remove all of the alcohol from pipet, distilled water, 1 disposable cups, 1 yeast packet, permanent marker, paper towels, bleach, safety gloves, goggles, face mask and apron.

In this experiment, the concentration of the enzyme catalase was manipulated in a reaction with hydrogen peroxide; the levels of oxygen gas produced from the reaction were recorded. Enzymes are efficient catalysts in biochemical reactions that speed up the pace of the reactions by offering an alternative pathway for reaction (“Enzymes”, n.d.). This alternative pathway or route occurs when the enzyme and the substrate form a reaction intermediate, which occurs due