Enzyme Lab

Background and Introduction: Enzymes are proteins that process substrates, which is the chemical molecule that enzymes work on to make products. Enzyme purpose is to increase the rate of activity and speed up chemical reaction in a form of biological catalysts. The enzymes specialize in lowering the activation energy to start the process. Enzymes are very specific in their process, each substrate is designed to fit with a specific substrate and the enzyme and substrate link at the active site. The binding of a substrate to the active site of an enzyme is a very specific interaction. Active sites are clefts or grooves on the surface of an enzyme, usually composed of amino acids from different parts of the polypeptide chain that are brought together in the tertiary structure of the folded protein. Substrates initially bind to the active site by noncovalent interactions, including hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions. Once a substrate is bound to the active site of an enzyme, multiple mechanisms can accelerate its conversion to the product of the reaction. But sometimes, these enzymes fail or succeed to increase the rate of action because of various factors that limit the action. These factors can be known as temperature, acidity levels (pH), enzyme and/or substrate concentration, etc. In this experiment, it will be tested how much of an effect

The hypothesis tested in this experiment was, if the temperature of enzyme catalysis were increased, then the reaction rate would increase, because enzyme-catalysis reacts by randomly colliding with substrate molecules, and the increase in temperature increases the speed of collision or reaction rate. The final data collected for the experiment was positive with my hypothesis. The coffee filter, covered in potato solution, sank and rose at a faster pace in the hydrogen peroxide when the temperatures were raised.

Enzymes are very large globular proteins with three dimensional shapes which is vital for enzyme activity as natural catalyst in chemical reactions within the living organisms (7).

Organisms cannot rely entirely on spontaneous reactions to produce all the materials necessary for life. These reactions occur much too slowly. To produce these materials quicker, cells rely on enzymes, biological catalysts, to speed up these reactions without being consumed. (General Biology I, Martineau, Dean, Gilliland, & Soderstrom, Lab Manual, 2017, 43). To produce these materials quicker, the activation reaction much be lowered, a very important part of this lab. Each enzyme acts on a specific molecule, or set of molecules, called a substrate (43). The enzyme binds to this substrate, forming an enzyme-substrate complex. An enzyme is a protein whose structure is determined by the sequence of amino acids groups that

After reviewing the basics of enzymes and catalysis, we take a dive into the wonderful

Enzymes have things called ‘Active Sites’ this the spot where substrates bind and chemical reaction takes place. Each enzyme has a different shape, this allows the enzyme to receive only one type of

Enzymes need substates in order to have a reaction and be able to form a enzyme-substrate complex. To summarize this you need "Enzyme+Substrate ->Enzyme-Substrate Complex ->Enzyme+Product". In order for this to happen the Enzyme needs a active site, it's where the enzyme and substrate can bond to each other and are able to

Hope Spivey Gate City High School Block 4 Introduction Enzymes cause havoc and speed up reactions, but why exactly does this occur? Enzymes are biological molecules, proteins, that act as catalysts and help complex reactions occur everywhere in life.

Enzymes are proteins that act as a catalyst in bringing about specific biochemical reactions when met with particular substrates. Substrates will merge into a suitable area of the enzyme called an active site – this becomes the enzyme/substrate complex. Once the substrate is attached to the active site, the substrate will undergo a procedure where the substrate is modified and released as a product. There are different types of this that can occur, where either a chemical bond is broken in a substrate to produce two separate products; as in the ‘Induced-Fit’ model illustrated in figure 1.a. Chemical bonds can also be built between two substrates to produce a single product.

Enzymes are a key aspect in our everyday life and are a key to sustaining life. They are biological catalysts that help speed up the rate of reactions. They do this by lowering the activation energy of chemical reactions (Biology Department, 2011).

“Enzymes are proteins that have catalytic functions” [1], “that speed up or slow down reactions”[2], “indispensable to maintenance and activity of life”[1]. They are each very specific, and will only work when a particular substrate fits in their active site. An active site is “a region on the surface of an enzyme where the substrate binds, and where the reaction occurs”[2].

Organisms cannot depend solely on spontaneous reactions for the production of materials because they occur slowly and are not responsive to the organism's needs (Martineau, Dean, et al, Laboratory Manual, 43). In order to speed up the reaction process, cells use enzymes as biological catalysts. Enzymes are able to speed up the reaction through lowering activation energy. Additionally, enzymes facilitate reactions without being consumed (manual,43). Each enzyme acts on a specific molecule or set of molecules referred to as the enzyme's substrate and the results of this reaction are called products (manual 43). As a result, enzymes promote a reaction so that substrates are converted into products on a faster pace (manual 43). Most enzymes are proteins whose structure is determined by its sequence of its amino acids. Enzymes are designed to function the best under physiological conditions of PH and temperature. Any change of these variables that change the conformation of the enzyme will destroy or enhance enzyme activity(manual, 43).

Each enzyme is very specific and can only catalyze a certain reaction. The specific reaction catalyzed by an enzyme depends on the molecular structure and shape of a small area of the enzyme’s surface called the active site. The active site an attract and hold only its specific molecules. The target molecule that the enzyme attracts and acts upon is called the substrate. The substrate and the active site of the molecule must fit together very closely. Sometimes the enzyme changes its shape slightly to bring about the necessary fit.

An enzyme is a catalyst. Catalysts are known for speeding up the rate of reactions by lowering the activation energy of the biochemical reaction. (Reece et al., 2011)

Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts and help reactions take place. In short, enzymes reduce the energy needed for a reaction to take place, permitting a reaction to take place more easily. Some enzymes are shape specific and reduce the energy for certain reactions. Enzymes have unique folds of the amino acid chain which result in specifically shaped active sites (Frankova Fry 2013). When substrates fit in the active site of an enzyme, then it is able to catalyze the reaction. Enzyme activity is affected by the concentrations of the enzymes and substrate present (Worthington 2010). As the incidence of enzyme increases, the rate of reaction increases. Additionally, as the incidence of substrate increases so does the rate of reaction.