Enzyme Lab Report

Enzymes are molecules that accelerate the rate of a reaction through the lowering of the activation energy necessary to perform the reaction without their presence. Depending on the environment that the enzyme is in, determines how efficient the enzyme will be in accelerating the reaction. Factors such as pH and temperature play a role on the enzyme’s efficiency and overall success of the reaction. For example, having a high temperature can break apart non-covalent interactions within proteins—the most common form of an enzyme. The breaking down of these bonds would result in the enzyme having a conformational change that does not allow the substrate to fit into its active site. In our experiment, we used the enzyme cellobiase in order to study

In the experiment we used Turnip, Hydrogen Peroxide, Distilled Water, and Guaiacol as my substances. On the first activity, Effect of Enzyme concentration of Reaction Rate for low enzyme concentration, we tested three concentrations of the turnip extract, and hydrogen peroxide. For the Turnip Extract I used 0.5 ml, 1.0 ml, and 2.0 ml. For hydrogen peroxide we used 0.1 ml, 0.2 ml, and 0.4 ml. We used a control to see the standard, and used a control for each enzyme concentration used. The control contains turnip extract and the color reagent, Guaiacol. We prepared my substrate tubes separately from the enzyme tubes. My substrate tube

Introduction:Enzymes are made up of proteins which are produced within living cells and act as catalysts which speed up chemical reactions. They are made up of long chains of amino acids containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. Enzymes are structured to be

Enzymes are catalysts that function to speed up reactions; for example, the enzyme sucrose speeds up the hydrolysis of sucrose, which breaks down into glucose and fructose. They speed up reactions but are not consumed by the reaction that is taking place. The most important of the enzyme is the shape as it determines which type of reaction the enzyme speeds up. Enzymes work by passing/lowering and energy barrier and in doing so; they need to bind to substrates via the active. Once they do, the reaction speeds up so much more quickly than it would without the enzyme. Coenzymes and cofactors aid the enzyme when it comes to binding with the substrate. They change the shape of the active site so the substrate can bind properly and perform its function.

In the first part of the enzyme lab, we mixed a substrate and an indicator with an enzyme. There was also a neutral buffer in each of the chemical mixtures. The neutral buffer regulated the pH to around 7. We got a color palette and once we mixed each together, we observed and saw a change in the color of the substance. The darker and more brown the substance got, the more oxygen produced by the reaction. Our results showed that amount of oxygen produced increased about 10% a minute until it sort of equilibrated at 4 minutes and didn’t change to the fifth minute mark. If we were to change anything we did in the experiment, we would make our comparisons to the chart more precise. Overall we thought it

Enzymes are a very important to the biological process. Enzymes help break down food and are essential in helping convert that food to energy. Enzymes have a single function, which makes them unique and need specific conditions in order for the reaction to occur. Every function in an organism has its own unique enzyme (What are enzymes?). One important thing to know about enzymes is that they are proteins. According to rsc.org enzymes are efficient catalysts for biochemical reactions and they, “speed up reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway of lower activation energy” (Enzymes).

The hypothesis tested in this experiment was, if the temperature of enzyme catalysis were increased, then the reaction rate would increase, because enzyme-catalysis reacts by randomly colliding with substrate molecules, and the increase in temperature increases the speed of collision or reaction rate. The final data collected for the experiment was positive with my hypothesis. The coffee filter, covered in potato solution, sank and rose at a faster pace in the hydrogen peroxide when the temperatures were raised.

“Enzymes are proteins that have catalytic functions” [1], “that speed up or slow down reactions”[2], “indispensable to maintenance and activity of life”[1]. They are each very specific, and will only work when a particular substrate fits in their active site. An active site is “a region on the surface of an enzyme where the substrate binds, and where the reaction occurs”[2].

This was done starting off with the hypothesis stated is the organism with the highest amount of the enzyme will also produce the optimal amount with a higher surface area. That would allow to maintain a certain specified amount of the material used and reactant used thus minimalizing the amount of money expended to accomplish this objective. It is supported that the hypothesis stated is supported by the data collected and the observations made. This experiment simply supports the already supported theory based on the relation of surface area to reaction ratio. Knowing what is known now the experiment could be done with more precision and a more concise hypothesis, it could have more than just two organisms involved as well as including new variables such as incubation, different chemical experimentation and more combinations of a chemical nature either the mixture of chemicals on and organism or the mixture of organisms with a certain chemical or

Organisms cannot depend solely on spontaneous reactions for the production of materials because they occur slowly and are not responsive to the organism's needs (Martineau, Dean, et al, Laboratory Manual, 43). In order to speed up the reaction process, cells use enzymes as biological catalysts. Enzymes are able to speed up the reaction through lowering activation energy. Additionally, enzymes facilitate reactions without being consumed (manual,43). Each enzyme acts on a specific molecule or set of molecules referred to as the enzyme's substrate and the results of this reaction are called products (manual 43). As a result, enzymes promote a reaction so that substrates are converted into products on a faster pace (manual 43). Most enzymes are proteins whose structure is determined by its sequence of its amino acids. Enzymes are designed to function the best under physiological conditions of PH and temperature. Any change of these variables that change the conformation of the enzyme will destroy or enhance enzyme activity(manual, 43).

This lab report will explain the following: What is an enzyme? How do abiotic or biotic factors influence the rates of enzymatic reactions? Which factors can change the rate of enzyme activity? The relationship between enzyme structure and function. And, finally, which factors that affect enzyme activity could be biologically important? An enzyme speeds up the chemical reaction in a biological system. To do so, the enzyme lowers the activation energy. Activation energy is the energy that is needed for molecules to start reacting with each other. Enzymes form an enzyme-substrate complex which reduces the energy required for that specific reaction to occur. Enzymes have specific shapes/structures that regulate their functions. The active site

One, below). In the synthesis of enzymes the shape of the active site differs and

Before the experiment a theory was made and information that was learned before was accounted for in the observations and questions and answers. The information included background information and basic information needed to understand and to conduct the experiment. The theory was that the canned pineapple and the fresh pineapple would dissolve the jello, because they both have enzymes called “bromelain” that was supposed to dissolve the jello and at the time it was unknown that heat was applied to the canned pineapple. This concludes that the theory was disproved because the background information on enzymes shows that the enzyme functions can be stopped by using heat, which changes the structure of the amino acids making them unfold causing them to denature. Which is why the canned pineapple enzymes are inactive and cannot get the jello and break it down.

Enzymes are necessary in biological reactions as they lower activation energies and in turn catalyze the reaction. Enzymes are studied to help understand the composition and chemical properties as to why they work the way they do. However, in order to be studied, enzymes must first be purified. Over the course of the next few weeks, different procedures will be completed in order to purify cellobiase from button mushrooms.

reaction rate increases. If the temperature of an enzyme gets to high the reaction rate will slow