Enzyme Synthesis Of Caffeine

Caffeine is a wildly use drug in today’s society. Caffeine is a methylated xanthine which acts as a mild central nervous system stimulant (MS & RL, 2001). It is a stimulant which acts upon the central nervous system and increases alertness, wakefulness and restlessness and it increases the release of catecholamine from renal medullar (Fernandez, 2016; Collines, 2007). It is present in many beverages. Caffeine is found in coffee, tea, soft drinks, products containing chocolate (cocoa) and some medication (Collines, 2007). It is used as a cardiac and respiratory stimulant (Collines, 2007).Caffeine is the most frequently ingested pharmacologically active substance in the world (Collines, 2007).

Caffeine is a mild stimulant that occurs naturally in at least 63 plant species. Caffeine can be found in the leaves, stems, seeds, and roots of these various plants. Caffeine is part of the methylxanthine family. It consists of a xanthine molecule with three methyl groups attached to it. Caffeine can be found in many products like sodas, tea, and coffee, but it also occurs in several other products such as prescription medications, diuretics, and pain relievers. Caffeine’s widespread use and popularity have caused many people to view the substance as an addictive drug. Thus making caffeine the most inexpensive and readily available drug known to man. Then on the other hand there are

Various countries consumed caffeine containing plants as a source of energy in the past, while still being unaware that the compound within the plants was causing the stimulating effects. In 1819, Friedlieb Runge discovered and isolated caffeine, which gave rise to the production of new caffeine containing products. Most individuals today consume caffeine in the form of coffee because of its’ ability to decrease fatigue and drowsiness. Although caffeine is soluble in water at room temperature, the molecules will not completely dissolve; therefore, coffee is made with hot water to dissolve a greater quantity of the caffeine molecules. Caffeine produces its’ stimulating effect by interfering with adenosine, a chemical in the nervous system that releases signals to notify the body when sleep is needed. Adenosine is a by-product of brain function and it will accumulate in the body throughout the day. Eventually adenosine levels will reach a maximum, causing adenosine to start binding to receptor sites to notify the brain to slow down cellular activity. Caffeine and adenosine are both alkaloids (organic compounds composed of many nitrogen atoms) with similar shapes, ring structures and covalent bonds, which allows caffeine to bind to adenosine receptors. Caffeine will occupy all adenosine receptor sites, causing the brain to maintain cellular activity and not induce

Thesis: Caffeine can have many different effects on the body depending on the amount of consumption.

Caffeine is found in many plant species, where it acts as a natural pesticide. It is found most commonly in cocoa, tea and coffee, but is also artificially added to some soft drinks such as cola to act as a flavour enhancer. When consumed by humans, caffeine works as a stimulant causing amounts of released neurotransmitters to be increased. High use of caffeine has been related with raised blood pressure, restlessness, insomnia and anxiety which, in the long term, can lead to heart and circulation problems.

However, results showed that the peaks given by the HPLC machine when close to 2.5 seconds gave a higher caffeine concentration for the brewed green tea samples. This means that the behavior obtained by the data collected proved that the hypothesis stated in the beginning does not correspond with results. Also, as shown in Summary table, both samples were loaded in the HPLC equipment with standards of the sample concentration after calculations were made for each individual trial. Caffeine levels are important to report since most caffeine is found naturally in food and drinks such as coffee, tea and chocolate. Furthermore, Caffeine is also often induced into artificial foods and beverages that humans drink with frequency and might have an affect in the nervous system.

Cigarette smoking induces the enzyme CYP1A2 which has an effect to increase the clearance of caffeine. Patient KS drinks 4-5 coffees and 1 tea a day,

Knowing how synthetic caffeine is made will give some important insight on how it affects the body. Synthetic caffeine is made inside a factory or lab and it involves the chemical synthesis of urea. Urea is exposed to a variety of harsh chemicals such as ethyl acetate and methyl chloride. When caffeine has been created, it becomes a very pure isolate that is highly concentrated. Synthetic caffeine that is made in this order is processed and absorbed rapidly by the digestive system. This is why consuming so much synthetic caffeine results in a very fast increase in energy and ends in a hard "crash" (Whidden).

Spriet and Graham,"Caffeine and Exercise Performance”, point out their research on overuse of caffeine. Drugs contain caffeine can cause gastrointestinal discomfort, cramps, insomnia; palpitations should be used in accordance with the prescribed dose. Caffeine effective strengthening of intellectual clarity, and improve thinking ability through blockade of receptors which perform functions adenozyn inform the body needs to sleep. In addition, caffeine also changes some biochemical processes in the body, 2 cups of strong coffee can increase three times the amount of adrenalin in the blood, at the same time accelerate the respiratory rhythm. Caffeine also increase dopamine production stimulating the pleasure centers in the brain, makes people

Caffeine is a psychoactive drug enjoyed by many people every day around the world and some people love the feeling they get from it, while others regard caffeine as a drug that manipulates the mind and readiness of its prey. However, many fail to understand the way that it works or don’t even know its origins. The most notable discover would be a German scientist Friedlieb Runge in 1819 that was able to not only isolate but also synthesis caffeine from its various products that it is found in, “Pure caffeine”. The form would be a crystal looking substance similar to that of sand. Pure caffeine is a form of methylxanthine alkaloid that has a bitter taste, and the crystal looking of pure caffeine was a purine that is a white purine. However, caffeine

Caffeine is a drug that affects the brain and acts as a stimulant to the central nervous system [3]. It is one of the most common substances found in chocolate, tea and coffee [1]. The purpose of this experiment was to determine how much caffeine are in tea leaves by extracting the source from tea bags and being able to identify its properties compared with a real sample of caffeine through thin-layer chromatography. Methylene chloride was used to extract the caffeine from the tea, and sublimation was used to purify the product. The product was then tested with TLC with an authentic caffeine sample, and an unknown sample to verify the purity of the product and to see whether the unknown contained caffeine.

1,2,7-trimethylxanthine commonly known as caffeine is the best known N-compound due to its physiological effects on the central nerve system, blood circulation and respiration. Caffeine is the most widespread consumed behaviorally active substance and almost all the caffeine sources are dietary (Fredholm et al. 1999). The caffeine content of e.g. coffee differs depending on the Coffea variety and the content only decreases in small amounts during roasting (Belitz et al. 2009). In the US Coffee consumptions contributes to 71% of caffeine intake among adults (O'Keefe et al. 2013), however caffeine can also be found in tea, cacao, chocolate as well as sodas. It is found that most notable changes in the behavior occur after low to

The metabolism results of study A showed caffeine results (Fig. A) as expected. Pre-caf gave the earliest caffeine reading, followed by dur-caf. Urinary caffeine levels (Fig. B) were well below the International Olympic Committee regulation of 12µg/ml. Plasma analysis showed that blood glucose levels were higher in the pre-caf treatment, possibly due an increase in metabolic rate from the

Caffeine has many negative effects on humans, such as increased heart rate (Lane, J.D., 2002), depression (Goldstein, 2008), and addiction to this “drug.” You may be asking yourself, “What is caffeine?” Well, caffeine is actually a stimulant (Barone, Roberts, 2008) that is found in beverages such as tea, coffee, and soft drinks. In fact, caffeine is the highest grossing and most used stimulant in the United States (Barone, Roberts, 2008). It is estimated that 85% of adults living in the United States consume caffeine on a daily basis (Barone, Roberts, 2008). That means for every 100 adults, 85 of them have had a drink that contained caffeine on any given day. One reason caffeine is so widely available compared to other stimulants is

Structurally, caffeine closely resembles a molecule that’s naturally present in our brain, called adenosine (which is a byproduct of many cellular processes, including cellular respiration)—so much so, in fact, that caffeine can fit neatly into our brain cells’ receptors for adenosine, effectively blocking them off. Normally, the adenosine produced over time locks into these receptors and produces a feeling of tiredness (Stromberg, 2013).