• Explain The Structure Of Enzymes And Discuss Their Metabolic Reactions

However, temperature difference can affect the experiment. To prevent this, I will conduct the experiment at the same time of day if more than one day is needed. This is because it is generally colder in the mornings and evening than the afternoon.

Enzymes are types of proteins that work as a substance to help speed up a chemical reaction (Madar & Windelspecht, 104). There are three factors that help enzyme activity increase in speed. The three factors that speed up the activity of enzymes are concentration, an increase in temperature, and a preferred pH environment. Whether or not the reaction continues to move forward is not up to the enzyme, instead the reaction is dependent on a reaction’s free energy. These enzymatic reactions have reactants referred to as substrates. Enzymes do much more than create substrates; enzymes actually work with the substrate in a reaction (Madar &Windelspecht, 106). For reactions in a cell it is

Introduction:Enzymes are made up of proteins which are produced within living cells and act as catalysts which speed up chemical reactions. They are made up of long chains of amino acids containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. Enzymes are structured to be

[An active site can be altered by a non-competitive enzyme which encircles the enzyme and alters the shape of the active site which could be very dangerous.]

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These results show how temperature of extreme high, or low affects enzyme activity. The highest rate of enzyme activity occurred at 37 Cº. Anything that was hotter or cold than 37 Cº slowed the reaction rate. As I thought, 100 degrees would denature the enzyme, and that was the case. The data provided shows exactly what temperatures enzymes work best, and worst. The objective was achieved as we discovered the different reaction rates under different temperatures. The results are reliable, as we know enzymes do not work well when under extreme heat or denaturation occurs. What I learned in this experiment was that enzymes don’t work well under cold temperatures because they tend to move slower. My hypothesis did not quite match, because I thought they work best at lower temperatures.

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Hold the IKI spray bottle 25 - 30 cm away from the paper towel, and mist with the IKI solution.

Enzymes are biological catalysts, which accelerate the speed of chemical reactions in the body without being used up or changed in the process. Animals and plants contain enzymes which help break down fats, carbohydrates and proteins into smaller molecules the cells can use to get energy and carry out the processes that allow the plant or animal to survive. Without enzymes, most physiological processes would not take place. Hundreds of different types of enzymes are present in plant and animal cells and each is very specific in its function.

Enzymes - are biological catalysts of protein nature, they have the ability to activate a variety of chemical reactions that occur in living organisms. Enzymes produced in any living cell and can be active in and outside the cell. The actions of enzymes strictly specific, only a specific substrate can bind to a specific enzyme. Therefore, the name consists of the name of the substance on which they operate and end with "-ase". For example, an enzyme that cleaves sucrose called sucrase, for lactose - lactase. Enzymes have very high activity. Negligible dose of them is enough to turn huge amounts of substance from one state to another. Enzymes are characterized by certain properties. Certain enzymatic processes are reversible; depending on

Enzymes are a key aspect in our everyday life and are a key to sustaining life. They are biological catalysts that help speed up the rate of reactions. They do this by lowering the activation energy of chemical reactions (Biology Department, 2011).

“Enzymes are proteins that have catalytic functions” [1], “that speed up or slow down reactions”[2], “indispensable to maintenance and activity of life”[1]. They are each very specific, and will only work when a particular substrate fits in their active site. An active site is “a region on the surface of an enzyme where the substrate binds, and where the reaction occurs”[2].

It can be seen that enzymes are basically proteins with large molecules.. An enzyme is made up of long natural chains of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds, so it chemically contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and some sulfur. The proteins are tertiary in which they fold up to give the enzyme its active site. The initial level of the enzyme involves the sequence of amino acids. Every amino acid has an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen group, and an R group that can be different with each amino cell all connecting to the alpha carbon. Based on what the R group is, it can be determined whether or not an amino acid can be uncharged, polar, a base, an acid, or charged. The secondary level then involves

Organisms cannot depend solely on spontaneous reactions for the production of materials because they occur slowly and are not responsive to the organism's needs (Martineau, Dean, et al, Laboratory Manual, 43). In order to speed up the reaction process, cells use enzymes as biological catalysts. Enzymes are able to speed up the reaction through lowering activation energy. Additionally, enzymes facilitate reactions without being consumed (manual,43). Each enzyme acts on a specific molecule or set of molecules referred to as the enzyme's substrate and the results of this reaction are called products (manual 43). As a result, enzymes promote a reaction so that substrates are converted into products on a faster pace (manual 43). Most enzymes are proteins whose structure is determined by its sequence of its amino acids. Enzymes are designed to function the best under physiological conditions of PH and temperature. Any change of these variables that change the conformation of the enzyme will destroy or enhance enzyme activity(manual, 43).

allows it to bind to the same site on the enzyme (b). But there is no