Enzymes in Industry

I think that at a balanced pH level (pH 7) like water, enzyme activity will be at the highest.

Enzymes are a key aspect in our everyday life and are a key to sustaining life. They are biological catalysts that help speed up the rate of reactions. They do this by lowering the activation energy of chemical reactions (Biology Department, 2011).

Enzymes are biological catalyst, meaning that it increases the rate of reaction without contributing to the reaction or being used up. The amount in which the enzyme increases the rate of reaction is known as CATALYTIC ACTIVITY. An example of an enzyme is amylase, which convert starch into maltose (amylase is found in saliva). Furthermore, enzymes have specific jobs in which allow control different chemical reactions, hence why there are thousands of different enzymes in the human body.

The effects of temperature, pH, specificity and cofactors of enzyme activity were tested. An enzyme is an organic catalyst that speeds up metabolic reactions by lowering the activation energy in cells. Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy needed for the chemical reaction to occur and can be affected by altering the enzyme’s environment as shown during the experiments. When the enzyme is not at the optimal temperature or pH, then the enzyme may become denatured, inactive and lose its normal shape. The enzyme used was Lactase, which binds to the substrate lactose. A substrate is the reactant in the enzymatic reaction and binds to the contact region on the enzyme called the active site. Enzymes have three dimensional shapes

Abstract: Enzymes are biological catalysts. They are also proteins and there properties are determined by their structure. The reactant is a substrate and the resulting factor is the product. . Enzyme activity is influenced by many different things including: substrates, products, presence of cofactors, and inhibitors. The effect of inhibitors is measured as a percentage called percent inhibition.

Enzyme catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction by the active site of a protein. A catalyst is a substance that can help the reactants in a chemical reaction react with each other faster. The catalyst for this experiment is yeast. In this lab, the chemical combination of hydrogen peroxide and yeast are used to form a reaction of creating oxygen. The active sites of the yeast combines with the hydrogen peroxide and causes oxygen to form at various levels. Yeast is a one-celled organism belonging to the group of organisms called fungi. Yeast is sometimes used in genetic engineering to produce large quantities of enzymes that can be used for medical purposes as healing wounds and reducing inflammation (How Stuff

Organisms cannot depend solely on spontaneous reactions for the production of materials because they occur slowly and are not responsive to the organism's needs (Martineau, Dean, et al, Laboratory Manual, 43). In order to speed up the reaction process, cells use enzymes as biological catalysts. Enzymes are able to speed up the reaction through lowering activation energy. Additionally, enzymes facilitate reactions without being consumed (manual,43). Each enzyme acts on a specific molecule or set of molecules referred to as the enzyme's substrate and the results of this reaction are called products (manual 43). As a result, enzymes promote a reaction so that substrates are converted into products on a faster pace (manual 43). Most enzymes are proteins whose structure is determined by its sequence of its amino acids. Enzymes are designed to function the best under physiological conditions of PH and temperature. Any change of these variables that change the conformation of the enzyme will destroy or enhance enzyme activity(manual, 43).

Alcoholic fermentation is a biological process which converts sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as a side-affect. Alcoholic fermentation is also known as ethanol fermentation, Yeasts typically function under aerobic conditions, or in the presence of oxygen. Alcoholic fermentations purpose is to produce ATP which the energy for current cells.

Enzyme is the fastest known catalyst. They increase the velocity and rate of reactions in living cells. Diverse range of proteins works as enzyme with their specific temperature point, pH etc. Enzymes react with the molecules known as substrates. Binding site of an enzyme and a substrate is known as active site. The amount of enzyme present in a reaction is measured by the activity it catalyzes. The relationship between activity and concentration is affected by many factors such as temperature, pH, etc. Though enzymes are important for biological reactions, certain factors play an important role in the

Enzymes are biological catalysts that are responsible for bringing and carrying out chemical reactions in the human body. These “reactions” are sped up using enzymes, allowing humans to have a higher metabolism. Enzymes are made up of proteins and bind to substrates to speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy. Enzymes bind to substrates on the active site. That being said, there are many factors that have effect enzyme activity, such as temperature, pH, and concentration.

This lab report will explain the following: What is an enzyme? How do abiotic or biotic factors influence the rates of enzymatic reactions? Which factors can change the rate of enzyme activity? The relationship between enzyme structure and function. And, finally, which factors that affect enzyme activity could be biologically important? An enzyme speeds up the chemical reaction in a biological system. To do so, the enzyme lowers the activation energy. Activation energy is the energy that is needed for molecules to start reacting with each other. Enzymes form an enzyme-substrate complex which reduces the energy required for that specific reaction to occur. Enzymes have specific shapes/structures that regulate their functions. The active site

Enzymes are globular proteins (see figure 1) that can be found in all the living cells. They can be used as biological catalysts by lowering the energy that the chemical reaction requires to occur. Certain enzymes only catalyze certain biochemical reactions and this property is known as enzyme-substrate specificity. Living organisms can produce many different enzymes. In order to further explain enzyme-substrate specificity, a basic knowledge about active sites on enzymes is required. An active site is where substrates can be bind to the enzymes and where the biochemical reactions are catalyzed. Active sites can be found on all enzymes. They are on the surface of enzymes and once the substrate fits into the active site successfully the biochemical reaction is catalyzed. After the products are released from the active site, the enzyme can be used again. As has been said above “Certain enzymes only catalyze certain biochemical reactions”. However, some enzymes can catalyze more than one biochemical reaction. This happens when the substrate is closed to the enzyme, and the enzyme changes the shape of the active site to fit the substrate.

The three-dimensional shape of these globular proteins allows them to act as a temporary stabilizer of associations between the molecules that will undergo the reaction, or the substrates. (Raven 113) The change of a substrate to a product requires overcoming the specific activation energy of the chemical reaction. (Suzuki 3). Every enzyme has an active site, which is the site of the enzyme that is crucial for enzyme activity. (3) The unique shape of the enzyme’s active site causes enzymes to have a certain aptitude for the particular substrate on which it acts on and subsequently for the reaction it catalyzes. Once the reaction has occurred and the products are formed, the enzyme molecules are

Enzymes are protein catalysts, which are substances that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. They are macromolecules consisting of hundreds of amino acids conformed together. A small part of the enzyme, called the active site, participates in the catalysis of biochemical reactions. (Novozymes) Biological substrates are shaped to fit into the active site of their specific enzyme; enzymes will not bind to isomers of their substrate in most cases. The unique arrangements of amino acids that conform together to produce the three-dimensional structure determine the function of the enzyme. The slightest changes in the sequence of amino acids on the string impact the structure of the protein causing a change in function. Subsequently, this change could cause the enzyme to have affinity for a different substrate and treat it differently. (Novozymes) One of the most important functions of enzymes is their ability to decrease the activation energy, which is the amount of energy, generally in the form of heat, needed to commence a chemical reaction. This function is crucial to mammalian bodies due to the fact that proteins would denature, lose their three dimensional structure, in the high temperatures used to start chemical reactions. In addition to heat, environments with varying acidity outside of their optimum range, which is different for each protein, cause the proteins to

As you can see as soon as the lock gets denatured it wll no longer