Epidemiologic Triangle

Steeve & Mallison (1975) stated hand hygiene has often been singled out as the most important procedure in preventing infection. Guidelines from national and international infection prevention and control organizations acknowledged that hand washing is the single most important procedure for preventing infections (Ganner and Favero,1985).

NRS-433V Week 5 - Evidence-Based Practice Presentation - Healthcare Associated Infections [12 Slides + Speaker Notes]

Healthcare is an ever-growing, booming industry and as medical technology advances so should our standards of care. Once known as hospital acquired “nosocomial” infections, Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs) are still afflicting the very patients we are to be treating. These patients could be our loved ones, friends, and family so to say that, “1 in 25 hospital patients have at least one HAI in a U.S. acute care hospital” (CDC, 2015), is still one too many.

infections. There are many reasons for their vulnerability including frailty, pre-existing conditions, and weakened immune systems. They may not be able to fully communicate with healthcare workers to report changes in health or may be too embarrassed by their decline in health to report the changes. Because of this, it is very important for residential care workers to ensure that infection control and prevention measures are implemented. Infections can cause many unwanted side effects in patients such as pain, discomfort, disorientation, and even in severe cases death. Not all infections can be passed from person to person. However, in residential care settings, many infections that can be passed from person to

Infection can be prevented in a way where it can protect the individual that are using the service. In the residential care home infection can affect more around the residential care home. Vulnerable adult will more likely to get the infection since they have a weak immune system. When the nurses around the residential home will need to make sure they follow the basic procedure that can control the infection, which can minimise the infection to themselves and others around them. From preventing infection they will have

The Epidemiologic Triangle is a model used to show the balance of health and disease as a united state of three factors: agent, host and environment. The agent or microbe is what causes the disease, the host is an organism harboring the disease or a population at risk for developing the disease, and the environment is the contributing external factors that cause or allow disease transmission

Healthcare acquired infections are a concern in healthcare facilities. Organizational changes can influence infection prevention. There are several quality and safety interventions that can assist with reducing infection transmission, such as hand washing. In general, the longer a patient remains in the hospital the sicker they become. Many of the uncomplicated admissions become complicated after an extended hospital stays. Nursing home patients are generally admitted to a facility based on overall decline in health, but soon experience community acquired infections from the facility. Implementation of infection control by involving the interdisciplinary staff members can decrease the occurrence of infection.

Healthcare associated infections (HCAI) are a major cause of death and disability across the world (World Health Organization [WHO],

Quite often the occurrence and ominous consequences of infectious disease outbreaks in nursing homes commonly go unidentified and unappreciated. Nonetheless, nursing homes provide a perfect environment for the spread of infection and disease. Larry J. Strausbaugh a Professor at the School of Medicine in Portland, USA, stated that, residents of age care facilities are more susceptible to infectious disease as they share the same source of air, food, water and health care in a crowded institutional setting (Larry J. Stranusbaugh, Shirin R. Sukumar and Carol L Joseph, 2006). Additionally, guests, staff and residents who live in these nursing complexes constantly come and go, bringing in pathogens from hospitals and the outside community. Outbreaks

Health care providers particularly phlebotomists are the main subject of this study, as to what possible bacteria is known when they communicate with their patients. World Health Organization (WHO) suggests that HAIs (also known as nosocomial infections) are universal, affecting healthcare systems in every country. These are commonly seen in a setting where it is easily transmitted like in the hospitals and healthcare facilities. (Public Health Agency of Canada,

Twenty seven articles were selected. References were searched for pertinent studies, resulting in 53 additional articles. International and national infection control guidelines and textbooks were also consulted. A total of 80 articles were reviewed and a timeline of HH related events was created (Appendix D). Settings of the studies included hospitals, LTCFs, and the community, with hospitals being the most frequent setting. Studies differed in focus, design, and methods. Study foci included the HCWs’ HH, consumers’ comfort in asking the HCW to perform HH, or patient/residents’ HH. Study designs included qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods. This paper will discuss the overall study findings, with methodologies addressed in a separate paper.

At first I struggled with understanding the question: choose an epidemiologically prevalent psychological disorder and write a research paper. As my preschool teacher taught us, I broke down the sentence and define every single word. Referring to the term "Epidemiology" I came across the epidemiological triangle. The picture of the triangle (Miller, 2002, p. 63, Figure 3.1) refers to the interactions among the host, agent, and environment, which produce a disease state. This triangle specify the prevalence and distribution of disease within a population by person, place and time. The word "prevalence" in a psychological aspect refers to a number of diseases that are present in a particular population at a certain time. "Looking at prevalence

The increase in residents’ awareness of their role in preventing healthcare-associated infections was associated with increased hand hygiene. Because a resident-focused hand hygiene intervention may engage and empower residents to become partners in ensuring safety (Landers, et al., 2012), hand hygiene should be included on the American Hospital Association Patient Care Partnership and on the Rights and Responsibilities of Residents of Long-Term Care Facilities as part of the expectation for high quality hospital care, a clean and safe environment, and involvement in care.

Health care associated infections (HAI’s) are a infections that patients acquire when they are receiving treatment for other conditions at a healthcare facility. Health care associated infections are a significant issue in the United States and throughout the world but following proper hand hygiene practices is the most effective and least expensive way to prevent HAIs

As described by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) hand hygiene is a general term for removing microorganisms with a disinfecting agent such as routine hand washing with soap and water, antiseptic hand rub, or surgical hand antisepsis (2016). The CDC indicates that proper hand hygiene before and after patient care is the most important aspect to prevent the spread of infections that cause hospital acquired infections (HAI). HAIs are infections that patients acquire while receiving treatment in a medical facility. Studies indicated that bacteria that cause HAI s are often spread from patient to patient by medical professionals. Many medical facilities have implemented numerous strategies to combat this problem; however hand hygiene non-compliance is still noted due to the increase in the standardized infection ratio (SIR) summary reported on the CDC website. The SIR tracks HAI prevention progress over time. According to the 2014 data, Tennessee (TN) acute care facilities (114) reported an increase in the SIR of 17 % above the national’s SIR related to MRSA Bacteremia which is a HAI. Therefore, the prevention strategies used to prevent the spread of HAIs that are being used in TN to protect our patients are not working. Due to this increase, it is vital that medical professionals are compliant when following protocols on hand hygiene. Hospital-acquired infections not only affect the patient they also affect the hospital; therefore, decreasing incidents of HAIs will not