Epidemiology Case Study Questions And Answers

6. Define the term stretch reflex and describe how stretch reflexes are used to anatomically localize SCI.

Directions: Label the neuromuscular (myoneural) junction. Then, read the case study below and answer the questions. Each question should be answered with FIVE or more sentences.

5. Now take each stage in turn and discuss how sustained neural activity could create a dysfunction and result in a decrease in muscle response during repetitive motor nerve stimulation.

Describe the anatomy of the neuron and the ways that neurons communicate with each other.

1. Neurons is a basic building block of the nervous system. The sensory nerves carry the message from body tissues to the brain and spinal chord to be processed. The motor neurons are then used to send instructions to the body tissue from the brain and spinal cord. Dendrites, which are connected to the body cell (soma) receive information and pass it through the axon. Myelin sheath covers the axon and helps speed the process. When triggered by a signals from our senses or other neurons, the neuron fires an impulse called the action potential. The resting potential is the neuron’s visual charge of positive

* The axon is a long, thin fiber that transmits signals away from the soma to other neurons or to muscles or glands.

Provide a brief synopsis of the CDC’s Epidemiological (Public Health) Approach to understanding and preventing delinquency. What is your impression of this theory/approach?

Populations “at risk” are defined as those with inequalities in access to care, quality of care and interventions to reduce disparities, and outcomes (Chin, 2005). It is important for the Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) to understand identification of “at risk” populations when moving to develop a plan to intervene and improve statistical health outcomes. This paper will identify an “at risk” population, address how the health risk for this population can be affected by nursing science, discuss potential barriers to health prevention and promotion activity implementation, and consider collaboration with stakeholders and agencies that may be of interest when developing an action plan to promote health activities.

1. As you increase voltage to the muscle describe how it responds to the increased stimulus.

As the message arrives at the end of the nerves, the message is transmitted to the muscles. Before the message is transmitted to the muscles it has to pass the space between the end of the nerve and the muscle, and that space is called neuromuscular junction. The message is transmitted from the brain to the end of the nerve and from the nerve to the neuromuscular junction, and when the message arrives the chemical called neurotransmitters are released.

In Epidemiology studies the important demographic information will include age, sex, marital status, race, ethnicity, and religion and socioeconomic status. Age is considered the most important factor and is

As soon as the electrical signal reaches the end of the axon, mechanism of chemical alteration initiates. First, calcium ion spurt into the axon terminal, leading to the release of neurotransmitters “molecules released neurons which carries information to the adjacent cell”. Next, inside the axon terminal, neurotransmitter molecules are stored inside a membrane sac called vesicle. Finally, the neurotransmitter molecule is then discharged in synapse space to be delivered to post synaptic neuron.

Nerve impulses are received by the dendrites, travel down the branches of the dendrites to the nerve cell body, and are carried along the axon. When the impulse reaches the branches at the end of the axon, it is transmitted to the next neuron. Impulses continue to be carried in this way until they reach their final destination. The final destination depends on what type of neurons they are.

Contents Page Introduction 4 In Brief: Skeletal Muscle, Cardiac Muscle & Smooth Muscle Image 1.0 Anatomy Of Smooth Muscle Table – Basic Muscle Comparison 5 Note: See Appendix For Further Detail. Image 1.1 Muscle Cell Variations Image 2 Stimulus Transmission Image 3 Axon Junction 6 Events At The Neuromuscular Junction And Of A Synaptic Transmission Skeletal Muscle

The compound action potential adds up all the action potentials that each individual neuron experiences in the sciatic nerve. Different stimulus amplitudes cause different neurons to fire an action potential; this is due to the fact that each neuron has a different threshold potential, or the minimum voltage the neuron needs to fire an action potential. The individual neuron action potential is an ‘all-or-nothing’ event, but the CAP, as a summation of different individual neurons, is not. The CAP amplitude will increase with larger stimulus potentials because more neurons with higher individual thresholds will be recruited. For this frog sciatic nerve, there are three fiber types, A, B, and C. A fibers are further divided, in the order of decreasing diameter, into α, β, γ, and δ fibers. There is an inverse relationship between the diameter of the nerve fiber and the threshold potential: the larger the diameter, the lower the threshold. Thus, as the largest fibers, the Aα neurons will be the first to be stimulated at a low stimulus potential, and the Aδ neuron fibers will be the last to be recruited. Because the sciatic nerve is mostly composed of A fibers, the recruitment of A-subtype nerve fibers are more readily distinguishable from the data. The minimum potential required to stimulate the Aα fibers was between 75 mV and 80 mV. Once the stimulus potential reached 90 mV, Aβ neurons were recruited and contributed to the increase in amplitude of the CAP. At a stimulus