Epidemiology Of Dementia

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a form of degenerative, fatal dementia, is characterized by progressive cognitive decline. While AD is the most common form of dementia, its prevalence has only recently been recognized. When Alois Alzheimer first described the sequence of changes in 1907, physicians believed the disease to be an extremely rare, mid-life condition. It wasn’t until the 1970’s that the same types of changes were shown to occur in both late- and early-onset forms (Cavanaugh et.al. 2008). As such, almost all knowledge of AD has been learned within the past several decades, with new discoveries being reported almost daily. It is now estimated that Alzheimer’s accounts for as many as 60% of all dementias and affects more than 500,000

Dementia is a term used to describe the symptoms of a number of illnesses which effect the function of the brain. It is an umbrella term describing the progressive decline in a person’s cognitive ability. The type and severity of symptoms varies with each type of dementia and is usually has a gradual onset, is progressive and irreversible. (1)

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is characterized by gradual cognitive decline that beings with the inability to create recent memories or thoughts, which then proceeds to effect on all intellectual functions (Mayeux & Stern, 2012). AD affects an estimated 5.5 million people in the United States, and 24 million people worldwide (Mayeux & Stern, 2012). The incidence of Alzheimer’s disease is rising in line with the aging population, therefore; AD is most common in older patients around the ages of 60-85 (Mayeux & Stern, 2012). Alzheimer’s Disease is the sixth most common cause of death ("Latest Alzheimer 's Facts and Figures", 2015). Therefore, in the United States, one individual will develop the disease in every 67 seconds ("Latest Alzheimer 's Facts and Figures", 2015).

Dementia is the decrease of intellectual capacity and other emotional aptitudes, prompting a debilitating in the capacity to perform everyday activities. Dementia happens because of damage or disease in the mind past what may be normal from typical aging. This prompts a decrease in "“speaking coherently or understanding language, recognizing or identifying objects, carrying out and comprehending tasks, recalling events in recent events, paying attention, orientation to time, place, and person, understanding symbolic language, thinking abstractly and performing executive functions, and showing good judgment” (Aging Matters p.120). Dementia envelops numerous ailments, for example, Alzheimer's disease, Vascular dementia, and Frontotemporal dementia.

Dementia is not a specific disease, it is the term that describes a group of symptoms. It is the decline in memory, other thinking and social skills, which is severe enough to reduce a person's ability to perform their everyday activities (Dementia 2018). Daily activities such as use of language for communication, the ability to focus and pay attention to their environment, their reasoning and judgmental skills. Dementia is mostly common among older adults, age 65 is a good age for people to start experiencing dementia. This doesn’t mean dementia should occur in all older adults because there is a saying that says older people tend to forget things a lot. That is natural, because even younger people still tend to forget things, it

Dementia is a chronic syndrome that involves a progressive deterioration of brain function and leaves a person to suffer from not only a cognitive decline but physical, emotional, and behavioral changes as well. There are over ten different types of dementia and each cause significant changes in the make up of the brain and the brain function. Those changes include deposits of protein that form plaques, twisted strands of protein that form tangles, blood vessel blockages, fluid build up, and Thiamine deficiency. The two most common forms of dementia are Alzheimer’s disease, which accounts for an estimated 60 percent to 80 percent of cases, and

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been ranked the third leading cause of death after heart disease and cancer. New research suggests the ways of

1.1 neurodegenitve disease is a common cause of dementia . which means the brain cells known as neurons are dieing quicker then the rest of the brain which leads to more of a decline in the persons mental health such as memory loss language and some of there physical abilitys. it dpend on what part of the brain is affected by the dementia. also other causes of demtia are brain tumors head injurys

Alzheimer’s Disease is 56% of the cause of dementia, which is characterized as a decline in memory language, problem solving, and other cognitive skills that affect a person’s ability to perform everyday tasks. (Petersen 2002) AD was first identified over 100 years ago, but it actually took about 70 years for it to be recognized as the most common form of dementia. (Alzheimer’s Association 2016) Although much has been researched and discovered about AD to help diagnose and treat the disease, much is yet to be discovered about the precise biological changes the causes Alzheimer’s and why it progresses more quickly in some than others. Scientists and doctors around the world have a common goal of discovering ways to stop of prevent this genetically

Alzheimer’s disease, AD, is a form of dementia that affects more individuals than any other form of dementia. “Dementia is the name for a group of symptoms caused by disorders that affect the brain. It is not a specific disease” (nlm.nih.gov). AD is the leading cause of all elderly mental degeneration and death in relation. The demographic for most deaths of Alzheimer’s disease correlate with an

The three alleles of ApoE (E2, E3, and E4) have been found to show dosage-dependent effects that negatively affects the clearance of amyloid-B plaque, with E4 showing the least clearance whereas E2 being protective (Deane et al., 2008; Holtzman, 2004). Additionally, the increasing amount of E4 alleles increase the risk for AD and lowers the age of onset among late onset familial AD patients (Corder et al., 1993).

The neurodegenerative disorder Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is currently the most common cause of dementia and affects millions of people around the world.¹ There are multiple risk factors associated with AD, including genetic factors, hypertension, diet and most significantly, age. Individuals over the age of 65 are most vulnerable to the disease and at this point, the risk increases every 5 years.¹

Alzheimer’s disease (henceforth: AD) though has four approved drugs, yet still treatment remains ineffectual and as such continues to pose a great burden to families of affected individuals, societies as well as developed countries. The complexity of the pathogenesis of AD makes it difficult to ascertain its cause along with effective treatment.

Since the protein does not disintegrate, it amasses into neuritic plaques (The Alzheimer's Project, 2009). The neurofibrillary tangles structure inside neurons and are made out of matched helical fibers, neuropil strings and dystrophic neuritis. Nfts cause the breakdown of the vehicle framework, as tau protein tumbles off and starts to cluster together, framing tangles, irritating the correspondence between neurons, prompting neuronal demise showed through dementia. The neuropathological criteria for an AD analysis are focused around the recurrence of the decrepit plaques and the geography of the neurofibrillary tangles (Goetz, 2007). The cerebrocortical decay prompts the decrease of the mind with twenty percent or more. The

The majority of described AD cases are due to SAD, which accounts for more than 90% of all cases. Individuals who diagnosed with SAD, their symptoms commonly appear later after age 65. The most common risk factors of SAD are believed to be multiple environmental risk factors, and genetic pre-dispositions, which still remained elusive. One of the most known genetic risk factor associated with SAD is apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4 variant). It is believed that people carrying more than one allele of ApoE4 are expected to be at higher risk of evolving AD later in their life (Kivipelto et al., 2002). On the other hand, FAD accounts for only 5% of all cases compared with SAD, and the symptoms of patients diagnosed with FAD usually appear before age 65 (Katayama et al., 2001). The FAD form is commonly caused by inherited genetic factors. The most known and possible factors of FAD type are attributed to be autosomal dominant mutations within three important genes, which are genes encoding for amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilins 1 and 2 (PS1 and PS2), and both of which could result to increase the production of beta-amyloids especially Aβ40 (Chadwick et al.,