Epidemiology in Evidence Based Nursing

Evidence-Base practice (EBP) is defined as: “based on problem identified from the practitioner’s area of practice; a combining of best evidence and professional expertise and an integration of this into current practice; about ensuring patients receive quality care, being part of quality improvement processes; about collaboration and requiring a team approach” (French, 1999). Scott and Mcsherry (2008) supported the French’s assertion, proposing the key elements of EBP are that it is a theory-driven process, which involves the use, evaluation and application of research; identification of best evidence; evaluation of care; problem solving; decision-making; clinical expertise; and requires patient involvement. Evidence-based practice is made of evidence, clinical expertise, patient preference, the context of care (Barker, 2013). In brief, evidence-based practice is the parameter in the nursing practice that it requires that the nurses gather and use clinical evidence to make decision for the patients so that in the nursing process they can deliver the quality of care for the patients (Ellis, 2013). In the other words, in the nursing practice all the nursing procedures performed by the clinical evidence supported.

Evidence based practice is an integral part of nursing care. According to the Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses, evidence based practice is defined as, “the conscientious use of current best evidence in making decisions about patient care.” (AMSN) The use of evidence based practice has drastically improved patient outcomes, increased quality and safety of healthcare, and reduced costs for facilities. (Melnyk, 2016) In this paper I will provide the history of evidence based practice, how it has already been incorporated and impacted healthcare, and why it is important to nursing and healthcare as a whole.

There has been major controversy in defining the term evidence informed practice. The best definition which is globally accepted is the one invented by Sackett et al. (1996) He defined evidence informed practice as “the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about care of the individual patient. It means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research”. (Ellis 2003) To simplify, it means utilizing the best possible information which is proven to be useful in aiding the best possible care to patients.

Evidence-based practice is an approach used by health care professionals to continually use current best evidence-based research to make ethical and reliable decisions regarding patient care. “Research to promote evidence-based practice is becoming more and more a part of the regular work of health care leaders” (Grand Canyon University, 2015, p. 1). However, it is important to determine the difference between solid research and flawed research that provides unreliable inferences. Evidence-based research includes focusing on a clinical question; and includes the review and incorporation of several studies to strengthen the results of the new study (Grand Canyon University, 2015). Roddy et al. and Ganz et al. articles will be assessed to determine if the recommended changes were backed by solid research that warrants changes in a hospital.

Findings of evidenced based practice have to be disseminated to ensure that innovations for practice are replicated or applied in other settings by stakeholders in the health fraternity and healthcare professionals (Forsyth, Wright, Scherb & Gaspar, 2010). One of the objectives of dissemination should be to improve the practice. Dissemination of evidenced based practice findings in nursing is very critical in knowledge synthesis, translation, and translation. It is imperative in strengthening healthcare, informing policy, and improving practice decisions based on clinical evidence (Rycroft-Malone & Bucknall, 2010). This is realized by transforming clinical changes into practice. It actually involves two stage processes namely: translation of evidence into practice and integration of research recommendations into actual practice. Effective dissemination of evidence based practice findings enable staff to share information about developments in healthcare practice and implement innovation (Freemantle & Watt, 1994).

According to Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper & Bucher (2014), “Evidence-based practice is a problem-solving approach to clinical decision making. It involves the use of the best available evidence in combination with clinical expertise and patient preferences and values to achieve desired patient outcomes.” Using evidence based practice in nursing is extremely important, because evidence-based practice is the result of others trying a practice one way but needing to change some of the guidelines to make the practice safer and over all better for patients.

Evidence based practice is an important priority in nursing because it ensures that the best quality and most effective care is being used. Restraint use is an intervention that is being minimized more and more. It can be an important intervention when necessary but there are specific circumstances and guidelines that must be followed. Evidence based practice is proving that restraint use may be eliminated due to safety concerns and more beneficial interventions being used.

Nicola Whitmore PI: C6394626 TMA 05 1) is evidence-based care an effective way of getting care right??? 2) The definition of evidence-based care is when making decisions about a patient’s health care, health care professionals who can perform evidence-based practice can use research evidence along with clinical expertise and patient references. 3) There are many strengths of evidence-based care which include finding better procedures, for legal protection, learning from mistakes other people have made, and legal protection, preventing negative procedures from happening and for best clinical practice.

The importance of evidence based practice ( EBP ) is to enable nurses to provide high quality care, improve outcomes for patient and families and to run a more efficient health service. Therefore other agencies within the health service will benefit when interventions and care is based on research (Burns & Grove 2007). According to the (Nursing and Midwifery Council 2004)(NMC) nurses are accountable to society to provide a high quality of care so therefore it is important that nurses reflect, evaluate the care and keep abreast of new knowledge and evidence that is available (Burns & Grove 2007). Providing a streamlined service, which is cost effective and based on current evidence based practice has shown to reduce cost but also to enhances

In Nursing, one must provide the best patient care possible. Using evidence-based care when practicing is one way to ensure that a patient is receiving the best care. Research is often performed to find up to date evidence based care techniques in different articles. Processes have been developed to nurture the knowledge and guide nurses with research reviews, such as the PICO model. The first step to any type of research, is to develop a focused clinical question or hypothesis to reflect on throughout the evaluation of the information. This will help organize the research to provide better analysis and utilization of the PICO model. PICO stands for population, intervention, comparison, and outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the use of the PICO model in the article, A Systematic Review of the Interventions for Nipple Trauma in Breastfeeding Mothers.

In order to understand the definition about it, let’s first look at the definition, Richard Brock’s words who is a RN, CNAA, MA, Nursing Consultant, Los Angeles, California "There's nothing new under the sun" is a truism. This evidence includes the center of Nursing Practice. Evidence-based nursing practice studies, or based on the evidence, as indicated in its name, it is. New evidence emerges, the nurse must change the practice patterns to improving the quality of patient care (Beyers, 56).

Evidence based practice has gained considerable popularity and momentum in healthcare. Clinical knowledge, basic science knowledge, expert opinions, and research findings are all termed as evidence. The evidence based practices are clinical and healthcare practices that take place on the basis of research findings. Such practices have a high likelihood of causing improved patient outcome across various geographic regions and settings. Evidence based practice further emphasize the need to change students education by embarking on more practice-relevant research and improved working association between the researchers and clinicians. Evidence based practice further creates opportunities whereby nursing care can be more personalized, more dynamic, and streamlined. The

Today's nurses are expected to have critical thinking skills, be able to use research, and to continually seek out education to advance skills, knowledge and use of evidence-based nursing interventions. Evidence-based health care practices are available for a number of conditions such as asthma, heart failure, and diabetes. According to Sullivan (2013), “evidence based practice suggests that using research to decide on clinical treatments would improve quality of care, and that might be the case”. The book also mentions how there are obstacles that prevent nurses from following the evidence based practice procedure. These obstacles include lack of time, autonomy over their practice, ability to find and assess evidence and support from administration

Specialist Community Public Health Nurses (SCPHN) are increasingly expected to adopt evidence based practice, utilising research findings to base actions and decisions on that are clinically appropriate, cost effective and result in positive outcomes for clients (Polit and Beck, 2004). Through implementing research based evidence into practice and evaluating its effects, the SCPHN is able to meet standards of proficiency and improve client care (NMC, 2004; Robothom and Frost, 2005).

Criteria and process used for evidence-based nursing practice, and the impact of evidence-based nursing practice on patient care.